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Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum. Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their wavelength or frequency. Linked by the speed of light The frequency is associated with an energy. High frequency is high energy The common unit is the electron-volt (eV). Work done by 1 V potential on one electron.

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Electromagnetic Spectrum

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  1. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  2. Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their wavelength or frequency. Linked by the speed of light The frequency is associated with an energy. High frequency is high energy The common unit is the electron-volt (eV). Work done by 1 V potential on one electron Range of Behavior hc = 1.240 keV nm

  3. Electromagnetic Radiation • Traditional upper boundaries for types of EM radiation: l (m) n (Hz) E (eV) • Radio waves 1 3108 1.2410-6 • Microwaves 110-3 31011 1.2410-3 • Infrared 0.7510-6 41014 1.65 • Visible light 0.410-6 7.51014 3.1 • Ultraviolet light 1.210-8 2.41016 1102 • X-rays 1.410-11 31019 1.2105 • Gamma rays (highest energy)

  4. Radio waves primarily come from the oscillation of currents in conductors. A 1 MHz frequency has an energy of 6.6 x 10-28 J. The long wavelengths travel easily and are not interfered by atoms. Except conductors Radio Waves

  5. Microwaves are very short wavelength radio waves. Microwaves are associated with the vibrations of some atoms and molecules. Water molecules act as a dipole. Motion increased by microwaves Causes heating Microwaves

  6. Heated objects give off electromagnetic waves. Higher temperature has more radiation A hot object gives off a spectrum of frequencies. Shifts based on temperature This is called blackbody radiation intensity high energy low energy frequency Radiation from Heat

  7. Molecules are heated by infrared waves. Radiant heat Wavelengths longer than visible light are called infrared rays. Come from warm objects Infrared

  8. Visible light is radiation in a narrow band of wavelength. 400 nm to 800 nm Narrower ranges are colors Corresponds to maximum output from the Sun. Many atoms and molecules have specific behavior at unique frequencies of light. intensity high energy low energy frequency Visible Light

  9. Ultraviolet rays have shorter wavelengths than visible light. Higher energy Often with visible light Some molecules absorb ultraviolet and reemit visible light. Fluorescent light Ultraviolet

  10. X-rays are associated with energetic transitions in atoms. Continuous spectra result from electron bombardment. The short wavelength x-rays can penetrate materials. Stopped by dense atoms X-Rays electrons target x-ray

  11. Gamma rays are photons associated with nuclear or particle processes. Energy range overlaps: soft gamma equals hard x-ray Acceleration of a very energetic charged particle gives x-rays and gamma rays. Called bremsstrahlung Gamma Rays g e e Z next

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