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Physical properties and kinetic theory Kinetic theory of matter – States all particles of matter are constantly in motion. State (Phase) of matter: Q. What are two things that can happen when energy is added to a substance?. A: Change of temperature or state. Volume (Space Occupied)
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Physical properties and kinetic theory Kinetic theory of matter – States all particles of matter are constantly in motion. State (Phase) of matter: Q. What are two things that can happen when energy is added to a substance?
Volume (Space Occupied) Ex. Even concrete needs to expand due to heat. Expansion joints are created in bridges and roads to allow for this natural adjustment. Q: What are two ways to measure volume?
Measuring Volume • V=lwh • Graduated Cylinder • Fluid Displacement
Mass (Amount of matter an object or substance contains) Q. What tool might be used to find the mass of an object?
Density Density – Amount of matter present in a certain volume. Density = Mass/volume Q: How does this relate to kinetic theory?
Physical properties cont. Viscosity Tendency of a substance to resist flow Results in slower or faster movement of substance particles. Low energy = low heat = thickness and slow flow. Ex. (honey from refrigerator) High energy= high heat = thinner and faster flow. Ex. (honey from microwave) Kk Substances get thicker as temperatures (energy amount) lower. Substances get thinner as temperatures rise.
How does viscosity relate to kinetic theory? • Draw and label how the molecules of a viscous substance might be different from a non-viscous substance.
Solubility (How a substance dissolves in a given volume of liquid.) Ex. Salt or sugar dissolves much better than dirt in a given volume of liquid What happens to mud or dirt when It’s put in water? Dirt in solvent(different properties than sugar)
NEW VOCABULARY!! • Dissolving - disappearing visually in a solvent • Solute – substance (usually a solid) being dissolved in a liquid. • Solvent– substance (usually a liquid) doing the dissolving.
Think back to lab… Temperature most definitely determines how quickly something can dissolve!! Sugar in hot coffee vs. cold coffee Cold Solvent Hot Solvent
Malleability Ability of a substance (usually metals) to be formed into different shapes without breaking. • Metals have many uses in the world because of this property. • Can you name a few?
Physical Change Any change that is made to a substances physical properties - observed without changing the identity (internal makeup) of a substance. - Always ask yourself if the identity of the substance is the same or not following a change. What happens to water as it goes from liquid to a solid? Is this a physical change or not ( a chemical change)?
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