The kind of molecular motion having most to do with temperature is

1. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The kind of molecular motion having most to do with temperature is A. translational motion. • rotational motion. • internal vibrational motion. D. longitudinal motion.

2. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The kind of molecular motion having most to do with temperature is A. translational motion. • rotational motion. • internal vibrational motion. • longitudinal motion.

3. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of A. 0 K. • –273C. • both of the above. D. none of the above.

4. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of A. 0 K. • –273C. • both of the above. • none of the above. Comment: At absolute zero, a substance has no more energy to give up. 0 K = –273C.

5. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Heat is simply another word for A. temperature. • thermal energy. • thermal energy that flows from hot to cold. D. radiant energy.

6. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Heat is simply another word for A. temperature. • thermal energy. • thermal energy that flows from hot to cold. • radiant energy. Comment: Be sure to distinguish between temperature, thermal energy, and flowing thermal energy.

7. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Thermal energy is normally measured in units of A. calories. • joules. • both of the above. D. neither of the above.

8. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Thermal energy is normally measured in units of A. calories. • joules. • both of the above. • neither of the above. Explanation: Calories and joules, like miles and meters, are different units for the same thing. 1 calorie = 4.18 joules.

9. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 When heat is added to a system, the temperature of the system A. rises. • may or may not rise. • falls. D. may or may not fall.

10. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 When heat is added to a system, the temperature of the system A. rises. • may or may not rise. • falls. • may or may not fall. Explanation: The correct answer is A if the substance doesn’t change phase. Adding heat to a cube of 0 ice, for example, doesn’t raise its temperature.

11. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Matter does not contain A. thermal energy. • heat. • only one of the above, but it contains both of the above. D. either of the above.

12. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Matter does not contain A. thermal energy. • heat. • only one of the above, but it contains both of the above. • either of the above. Explanation: By definition, heat is the thermal energy that transfers due to a temperature difference, not the thermal energy itself.

13. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Your room gets messier day by day. In this case, entropy is A. increasing. • decreasing. • hanging steady. D. none of the above.

14. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Your room gets messier day by day. In this case, entropy is A. increasing. • decreasing. • hanging steady. • none of the above. Comment: If your room got more organized day by day, then entropy would decrease in proportion to the effort expended.

15. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water A. requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature. • gives off a lot of energy in cooling. • has a lot of “thermal inertia.” D. all of the above.

16. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water A. requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature. • gives off a lot of energy in cooling. • has a lot of “thermal inertia.” • all of the above.

17. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates the specific heat capacity for sand is A. less than that of plants. • more than that of plants. • likely the same as that of plants. D. unknown, because there is not enough information.

18. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates the specific heat capacity for sand is A. less than that of plants. • more than that of plants. • likely the same as that of plants. • unknown, because there is not enough information. Explanation: Lower specific heat means less resistance to change.

19. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. If equal amounts of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is A. aluminum. • copper. • neither—actually, both will increase at the same rate. D. none of the above.

20. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. If equal amounts of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is A. aluminum. • copper. • neither—actually, both will increase at the same rate. • none of the above. Explanation: Copper has about half the “thermal inertia” of aluminum.

21. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The high specific heat capacity of water has great importance in A. climates. • cooling systems. • ocean currents. D. all of the above.

22. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The high specific heat capacity of water has great importance in A. climates. • cooling systems. • ocean currents. D. all of the above.

23. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water A. more dense. • less dense. • slipperier. D. warmer.

24. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water A. more dense. • less dense. • slipperier. • warmer.

25. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The greatest expansion of water occurs when A. it turns to ice. • it cools at 4C. • it warms at 4C. D. none of the above.

26. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The greatest expansion of water occurs when A. it turns to ice. • it cools at 4C. • it warms at 4C. • none of the above.

27. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Water at 4C will expand when it is slightly A. cooled. • warmed. • both of the above. D. none of the above.

28. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Water at 4C will expand when it is slightly A. cooled. • warmed. • both of the above. • none of the above. Comment: The density of 4C water will also decrease when slightly cooled or warmed.

29. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Water at 4C will sink to the bottom of a pond because A. of thermal currents. • of the absence of thermal currents at low temperatures. • like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water. D. of the presence of microscopic ice crystals.

30. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Water at 4C will sink to the bottom of a pond because A. of thermal currents. • of the absence of thermal currents at low temperatures. • like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water. • of the presence of microscopic ice crystals.

31. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The thermal expansion of steel is about the same as that of A. water. • air. • concrete. D. all of the above.

32. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The thermal expansion of steel is about the same as that of A. water. • air. • concrete. • all of the above. Explanation: This fact is important to civil engineers in the construction of concrete that is reinforced with steel rods.

33. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The fact that gasoline will overflow from an automobile tank on a hot day is evidence that the expansion of gasoline is A. more than the tank material. • about the same as the tank material. • less than the tank material. D. nonexistent.

34. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 The fact that gasoline will overflow from an automobile tank on a hot day is evidence that the expansion of gasoline is A. more than the tank material. • about the same as the tank material. • less than the tank material. • nonexistent.

35. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Heat can be transferred by A. conduction. • convection. • radiation. D. all of the above.

36. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Heat can be transferred by A. conduction. • convection. • radiation. • all of the above.

37. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 A firewalker walking barefoot on hot wooden coals depends on wood’s A. poor conduction. • good conduction. • high specific heat capacity. D. convection.

38. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 A firewalker walking barefoot on hot wooden coals depends on wood’s A. poor conduction. • good conduction. • high specific heat capacity. • convection.

39. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Thermal conduction has much to do with A. electrons. • protons. • neutrons. D. ions.

40. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Thermal conduction has much to do with A. electrons. • protons. • neutrons. • ions. Explanation: Electrons are a chief carrier of thermal energy, especially in metals.

41. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Thermal convection has much to do with A. radiant energy. • fluids. • insulators. D. all of the above.

42. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Thermal convection has much to do with A. radiant energy. • fluids. • insulators. • all of the above.

43. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 When air rapidly expands, it generally A. warms. • cools. • convects away. D. compresses later.

44. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 When air rapidly expands, it generally A. warms. • cools. • convects away. • compresses later. Comment: Blow on your hand with lips puckered so your breath expands. Isn’t your hand cooled? Conversely, when air is compressed it generally warms.

45. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Which body emits radiant energy into space? A. Sun. • Earth. • Both of the above. D. None of the above.

46. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Which body emits radiant energy into space? A. Sun. • Earth. • Both of the above. • None of the above.

47. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 A high-temperature source radiates relatively A. short wavelengths. • long wavelengths. • low frequencies of radiation. D. none of the above.

48. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 A high-temperature source radiates relatively A. short wavelengths. • long wavelengths. • low frequencies of radiation. • none of the above. Explanation: The relation  T tells us that high-temperature sources emit high-frequency waves. High-frequency waves have short wavelengths.

49. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Which of these electromagnetic waves has the lowest frequency? A. Infrared. • Visible. • Ultraviolet. D. Gamma rays.

50. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 6 Which of these electromagnetic waves has the lowest frequency? A. Infrared. • Visible. • Ultraviolet. • Gamma rays. Explanation: The relation  T tells us that low temperature sources emit low frequency waves. The lowest frequency waves in the list are infrared waves.