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CHAPTER 11

CIVILIZATIONS OF AFRICA. CHAPTER 11. African Geography. More Geography. Savanna- areas of grassland and scattered trees Sahara- largest desert in the world(stretches across North Africa (Sub-Saharan is the area just below the desert) Africa also has: Lakes Valley’s

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CHAPTER 11

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  1. CIVILIZATIONS OF AFRICA CHAPTER 11

  2. African Geography

  3. More Geography • Savanna- areas of grassland and scattered trees • Sahara- largest desert in the world(stretches across North Africa (Sub-Saharan is the area just below the desert) • Africa also has: • Lakes • Valley’s • Multiple mountain ranges

  4. How Was Life Sustained?

  5. Africa and the Bantu • Bantu- Stands for the people in the tribe and the languages they speak • Migration- movement from one region to another • Bantu history is tough to piece together • Think about how historians have been able to understand the history of civilizations, • Discuss with a classmate why Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa may be hard to learn about

  6. Bantu’s • Early Bantu’s were fishers, farmers, and herders • Villages made up of CLANS • What is a CLAN? • Maternal families (possessions passed down through Mothers side) • Each generation gradually migrated over the years • Helped them develop new crops and raise new animals

  7. Spread of Bantu Culture • The Bantu moved and either assimilated or conquered. • Metal weapons • Better crops • Migrated all over Central and southern Africa • Why is the migration important to African growth?

  8. Check for Understanding • Pg 315 • 1- (A/B) • 2- (A/B/C)

  9. Kingdoms of West Africa • Ghana- another kingdom built on trade • Salt and Gold (why salt?) • Ghana was located on a major trade route • Mali- Powerful kingdom in West African Savanna • Sundiata founded the kingdom in 1230 AD • Mansa-Musa- king of Mali in 1312 • Major trade center (that’s how they got their wealth)(charged travel taxes)

  10. Rise and Fall of Songhai • The leading empire of West Africa in the 1400’s • Power gained by trading gold and salt • Songhai overruns the trading center of Tombouctou • 100 years later the society falls to the guns and cannons of the Moroccan armies in North Africa • This marks an end to the trading empires of Africa

  11. Kingdoms of the Forest • The jungle tribes were polytheistic, whereas the savannah tribes were Muslim • The two most dominant of the jungle cities were Ile-Ife (EE Lay Fay) and Benin (BehNeen) • Wealth made through trade

  12. Ile-Ife • 1000 AD Ile-Ife became a powerful center of trade • Leaders were called Onis (Oh Neez) • We know little about this city due to a lack of written info and artifacts • Modern city is on the old one • Artifacts are covered by jungle growth • Moisture has rotted wood and metal artifacts

  13. Benin Rules • Large city in Africa, started in the 1200’s • Wealth came from copper, gold, and iron mines • Slave trade • Obas (leaders of the tribe) • 1500’s it was at it’s greatest size and power • Ruled most of Nigeria • Center for art and trade (similar art to Ile-Ife) • These artists influenced modern artists

  14. QUIZ TIME YEAHHHH!!! • Name the 4 Western African Kingdoms • Trading made them rich, which two products were the most valuable? • What are the names of the 2 African Jungle Kingdoms we are covering? • What are the leaders names in each tribal kingdom: • - • -

  15. Trading Centers of East Africa • Ancient Ethiopia- Capital city was Aksum • Controlled from Aksum to the coast of the Red Sea Port of (Adulis) • Controlled the trade of ivory • Traders came in and out exchanging goods and ideas • AD 300 King Ezana converted the Muslim nation into a Christian nation • Aksum controlled the Red Sea ports until they were defeated by the Muslim empires of Arabia

  16. Lalibela and Christianity • Christianity continued to spread in Ethiopia, even though the surrounding areas had been forced back to Islam • Christian churches spread throughout the Ethiopian countryside • King Lalibela and his churches

  17. Rich Centers of Trade • After Muslims gained control they turned the whole Eastern African seaboard into sea ports • Each port is an independent city-state • Reason for success- • Africa had a lot of gold and ivory, products hard to find outside of the continent • In exchange Muslims brought in luxury goods from other nations that could not be found in Africa

  18. Kilwa • Kilwa traded African Island goods with the Arabs who brought in foreign goods • Swahili- a language spoken by East coast Africans that was a mixture of Bantu and Arabic • In the 1500’s the Portuguese took over the region but Swahili has remained the major language and Islam the major religion

  19. Zimbabwe Trading Post • Most of the east African gold came from mines owned by the Great Zimbabwe • Zimbabwe grew very rich and powerful through trade • Reached its height by 1400’s • Collapsed by 1500’s • Reason for collapse: • 1-Trading posts moved • 2- farmers depleted the soil

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