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Orbital Mechanics

Orbital Mechanics. Basic Orbits Include: Low Earth Orbit (LEO), including sun-synchronous Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Also called semi-synchronous Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) including Geostationary. Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) including Molniya Spacecraft obey Kepler, not Bernoulli

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Orbital Mechanics

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  1. Orbital Mechanics Basic Orbits Include: Low Earth Orbit (LEO), including sun-synchronous Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Also called semi-synchronous Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) including Geostationary. Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) including Molniya Spacecraft obey Kepler, not Bernoulli Satellite manoeuvres require Deliberate planning Time Fuel (limited)

  2. Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Altitude 160 – 2000 km

  3. LEO Orbit – 2D Ground Trace

  4. Sun-Synchronous Orbits • Near-Polar, 97°-99° Inclination • 760 - 860 km

  5. LEO Sun-Synchronous Orbit2D Ground Trace

  6. Medium Earth Orbits (MEO) 2D Ground Trace Period: 2 – 24hrs Average = 12 hour period Altitude: 2000 – 35786 km, Near Circular Average 20,800 km

  7. Geostationary

  8. Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEO) Apogee High Altitude Perigee Low Altitude

  9. HEO

  10. HEO 2D Ground Trace

  11. Orbital Example – Earth Fixed

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