Confederation Timeline

1. Confederation Timeline The Great Block H – (Applause)

2. Queen Victoria • Queen Victoria was the queen of the UK of Great Britain and Ireland from 1831-1901, and empress of India from 1876- 1901. Her reign was the longest of any monarch in the British history. Her reign came to be known as "The Victorian Era“. • When Victoria was queen Britain changed tremendously. Britain became the most powerful country in the world, ruling a quarter of the worlds population. The habitants in Britain doubled which caused a huge demand in food, clothing and houses. New factories and machines were built to meet this demand and new towns developed. • Queen Victoria reigned as queen from June 20, 1837 to January 22, 1901. She inherited the throne at the age of 18.

3. Grand Trunk Railway The Grand Trunk railway was built to provide a railway through all of Canada It was originally supposed to go from Toronto to Montreal. But it joined with 5 other railway companies to create a completely new railway

4. Maritime Union! Cory's Nathan's Spencer's leaders from the Maritime Colonies (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, P.E.I and Newfoundland), gathered together and had meetings talking about forming a new union. The meetings began in 1864 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. All of the Maritime colonies had planned to discuss a Maritime Union. Alexander Tilloch Galt and the three members of the Great Coalition asked to join the discussion to present their plans for Confederation. They were so convincing in their first presentation that they convinced the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to attend a meeting for confederation in Quebec. The delgates to the Quebec Conference planned for the creation of a new nation. After much discussion and disagreement they decided that provincial governments should retain many powers and because of that, this made the nation a federation. The country would not have a strong government but they had to compromise just like the other delegates. In the end of all of this the Quebec Conference produced seventy two resolutions and a blueprint for Confederation.

5. 72 Resolutions • The Quebec Resolutions are also known as the 72 resolutions • They were a set of proposals drafted at the Quebec conference in 1864 • They were adopted by most or all of the provinces across Canada • They became the basis for the London Conference • The 72 resolutions promised peace, order and a good go's

6. The Great Coalition • The Great Coalition was a grand coalition of political parties, that put the two Canada's together (Upper and Lower) in 1864. • The previous collapse after only a coalition government formed by George Etienne Cartier and Conservative John A. Macdonald (the sixth government in six years) had demonstrated that continued governance of Canada East and Canada West under the 1840 Act of Union hadbecome untenable.

7. Date: September 1-9, 1864 • George-Etienne Cartier and John A. Macdonald presented arguments in favour off the union, Alexander Galt discussed possible financial arrangements, and George Brown suggested they form of a united government • Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island were contemplating the possibility of a Maritime Union Charlottetown Conference By: Vanessa Antonio, Nicola Etter, and Sydney Butz

8. Quebec Conference October 10th, 1864

9. Quebec Conference - Decided that provincial Governments should retain many Powers. - Made the nation a federation - The Quebec Conference produced The Seventy-Two Resolutions - Statements on government- and a Blueprint for confederation

10. London ConferenceDecember 4, 1866 London Conference Created By: Willy Zhuang and Simren Mann

11. Start of the conference London Conference Dec. 4 1866 London Conference, began on December 4, 1866, where Canadian, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick delegates met with the British government in London. Eng, was the important transitional stage between the 1864 Québec conference and the 1867 British North American Act. The major issue was the educational clauses of the Québec Resolutions.

12. In London, Confederation delegates fine-tuned the British North America bill before presenting it to the British government at the end of 1866. (Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada) London Conference There was strong lobbying in London by bishops from the Maritimes, notably Archbishop Connolly of Halifax, to get guarantees for Roman Catholic separate schools - schools that existed by custom, though not by law - in all 3 provinces.

13. In the 1860s, John A. Macdonald was instrumental in creating the Dominion of Canada and became its first prime minister. (Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada) London Conference Prominent politician George-Etienne Cartier was the leading spokesman for French Canada during Confederation negotiations. (Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada)

14. The Fenian Raids 1866~1870 Whitney Tu Celia Rickerby

15. Description • The Fenian Raids of the Fenian Brotherhood were fought to bring pressure on Britain for the liberation of Ireland. • The Fenian Raid occurred in April, 1866, at Campobello Island, New Brunswick. • The raids have a large effect on Canada-US relations for years after the last raid.

16. BNA Act (Constitution act) • The idea of the act was first formed when the Province of Canada (Quebec and Ontario), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia wanted to create a federation. This was passed on the 29th of March, 1867, and was commenced on the 1st of July, 1867. • This act was passed to deter the American “Manifest Destiny.” • With the BNA Act being put into effect, the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were all the three were recognized as “The Dominion of Canada.” • Nova Scotia and New Brunswick gained seats in Canadian parliament. • Representation by population was introduced, giving each region a fair amount of representatives per capita. • This act also gave Canadian Parliament the right to pass its own laws regarding law, marriage, court, etc. • The act did not officially note Canada as a bilingual country, but it gave some rights for French speaking people in government. Established: -July 1st, 1867 (Canada day) Passed by: British Parliament Territories affected: -The province of Canada -Nova Scotia -New Brunswick Union -Created the ‘Dominion of Canada’ Parliament - Nova Scotia and New Brunswick gained seats in Canadian parliament -Representation by Population introduced Law -Gave Canadian parliament the right to form and change its won laws