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Confederation Timeline

Confederation Timeline. 1777 Articles of Confederation drafted 1781 Articles of Confederation ratified 1783 Newburgh Conspiracy Peace of Paris Washington resigns commission 1784 Economic recession intensifies

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Confederation Timeline

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  1. Confederation Timeline 1777 Articles of Confederation drafted 1781 Articles of Confederation ratified 1783 Newburgh Conspiracy Peace of Paris Washington resigns commission 1784 Economic recession intensifies 1787 Northwest Ordinance Shay’s Rebellion Philadelphia Convention (Constitution)

  2. Outline • Articles of Confederation • Economic Problems • Political Problems • Western Lands

  3. I. The Articles of Confederation Reaction to English control – so create a government the OPPOSITE of English structure • Weak central government • Strong local, legislative government • not a king/governor • Equality for all states 1 2 3 4

  4. The Articles of Confederation 1776 Congressional committee begins1777 draft finished,1781 ratified 1 2 3 4

  5. I. Articles of Confederation • A unicameral legislature • Only some specific powers (war related) • Declare war • Conduct foreign affairs • Make treaties with other countries • Make treaties with Indians • Coin money (but not tax – must REQUEST funds from the states) 1 2 3 4

  6. I. Articles of Confederation • Changing (amending) required 100% unanimity • Passing a law required • Each state has one vote • May send multiple members to Congress (2-7) • 75% vote required to pass important legislation 1 2 3 4

  7. I. Articles of Confederation • Weaknesses • No power to tax or regulate trade • No specific protection of any rights • No discussion of slavery • Poor attendance makes action difficult • Difficult to pass any laws (need 9 of 13 to vote yes!) • No judicial branch • No executive branch • Dependence on the states for enforcement and revenue 1 2 3 4

  8. Virginia’s George Mason, author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, later opposed the Constitution, stating “It has no declaration of rights.” 1 2 3 4

  9. New Jersey’s 1776 constitution granted female heads of household the right to vote. In 1807 a new law limited this right to “free white male citizens.” 1 2 3 4

  10. II. Economic Woes “Not worth a Continental” • How to raise funds • Tax • Borrow • Print 1 2 3 4

  11. II. Economic Woes • Each state prints its own money • Trades at a discount in other states • Decreases trade and commerce • Further weakens post-war economy 1 2 3 4

  12. Revolutionary warcurrency 1 2 3 4

  13. Continental Congress currency, eighteen-pence note. 1 2 3 4

  14. II. Economic Woes • Inflation cripples the economy 1 2 3 4

  15. Postwar Inflation, 1777–1780: The Depreciation of Continental Currency 1 2 3 4

  16. II. Economic Woes • War affects international trade • England was #1 trading partner • Colonies unable to sell to England legally during the war • Rise of black market and smuggling • Lack of hard currency in colonies • Post-war purchasing based on credit 1 2 3 4

  17. The Trade Deficit with Great Britain 1 2 3 4

  18. America Triumphant and Brittania in Distress 1 2 3 4

  19. III. Political Problems • War really ends at Yorktown - 1781 • Washington resigns 1783 • Weakening government • can’t pay soldiers - threaten capital • move capital - lack of concern • Treaty of Paris can’t be signed! 1 2 3 4

  20. III. Political Problems Shays’ Rebellion, 1787 1 2 3 4

  21. III. Political Problems Shay’s Rebellion 1787 • Massachusetts – most democratic state in the union • Farmers unable to pay taxes • Mobs of angry farmers shut down courts to prevent forced sales of farmland • Leads to support for the Constitution. 1 2 3 4

  22. Daniel Shays and Job Shattuck, two leaders of Shays’ Rebellion, from a 1787 pamphlet. 1 2 3 4

  23. IV. State Land Claims • Western regions present lots of problems to the new government • Overlapping land claims. 1 2 3 4

  24. IV. State Land Claims 1 2 3 4

  25. IV. State Land Claims 1 2 3 4

  26. IV. Western Lands • Increasing numbers of settlers move west • settle wherever available land • earliest settlements in Kentucky • First state west of the Appalachians 1 2 3 4

  27. IV. Western Lands • Ohio Company • cash strapped Congress makes a deal • 1,500,000 acres at price of 9¢ an acre ~ $135,000. • Northwest Ordinance • establishes stages through which a territory passes en route to statehood • most famous for abolishing slavery in its territories “There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory.” 1 2 3 4

  28. IV. Northwest Ordinance 1 2 3 4

  29. IV. Northwest Ordinance 1 2 3 4

  30. IV. Northwest Territory • government builds forts • to regulate fur trade • for peace on the frontier • trade with Indians • 1785-88 is time of bitter race warfare in Ohio region • treaties surrendering land in exchange for protection • establish American presence in west - British occupy forts in violation of Peace of Paris. 1 2 3 4

  31. IV. Conflicts in the NW Territory 1 2 3 4

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