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Revelations and the Breaking of the Church

17.2 | The Protest ant Reform ation. Revelations and the Breaking of the Church. A Much Needed Reform. “Renaissance Popes” Greedy warlords Ambitious Lack of spiritual guidance . How do you obtain this?. So what is salvation?. Indulgences .

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Revelations and the Breaking of the Church

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  1. 17.2 | The Protestant Reformation Revelations and the Breaking of the Church

  2. A Much Needed Reform • “Renaissance Popes” • Greedy warlords • Ambitious • Lack of spiritual guidance

  3. How do you obtain this? So what is salvation?

  4. Indulgences • You could donate to the church and receive an indulgence • Relics • Could cut your time in purgatory by 1,000 years • Buy indulgences? • Is this Christian?

  5. Catholic monk who thinks… no Martin Luther

  6. Martin Luther • Monk and professor • Wittenberg (Germany) • Study of the bible • Questioned the “certainty” of salvation • Questioned the infallibility of Popes • Justification in faith alone

  7. Not a rebel, nor a fanatic • But disgusted by indulgences • “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” • Felt that people were hurting their chances at salvation by buying indulgences

  8. 1517 A.D. | You can just write 95 The Ninety-Five Theses

  9. 1517 the word spreads • The printing press • Johannes Gutenberg • Copying Greek and Roman works • Islam’s contribution to preservation • The Pope’s response • The Diet of Worms 1521 • HRE Charles V headed the meeting • Luther refuses to change his views • Charles brands him an outlaw • Luther was “some drunken German who will amend his ways when he sobers up”

  10. Luther Gains Support • 1521 he is excommunicated • Begins printing his work in German • He calls on the Germanprinces to break with Catholic Church • The Prince of Wittenberg protects him • Other principalities follow suit • Luther takes refuge in various cities • The German Peasant’s War c.1525

  11. Charles V • Holy Roman Emperor • The Holy Roman Empire • Decentralization • Austria • The Hapsburgs • “Defender of the Faith” • Must end this heresy

  12. The Reformation • Other German states would reform their churches • Protestantism • Charles V • The Habsburg Dynasty • Fights the states that support Luther • Issues

  13. Switzerland Embraces the Change • Ulrich Zwingli (f. 1525) • Fought transubstantiation • Anabaptists (rebaptism) • Radical, primitive Christianity • John Calvin • Christian Humanist • Predestination • Saints and sinners • Live like saints, or be a sinner • Geneva asks Calvin to lead them • Theocracy established 1555 • Catholic/Calvinist wars

  14. The English Reformation • Reform movements splinter Europe • English Reformation • Henry VIII 1491-1547 • Mary Tudor • Anne Boleyn • Elizabeth Tudor • Act of Supremacy 1534 • ”the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England” • Thomas More – executed for his beliefs • Catholic churches destroyed

  15. Henry VIII Tudor Dies • Edward VI Tudor becomes king but dies shortly after • Bloody Mary Tudor • Burning of Protestants • 1558 dies • Elizabeth Tudor becomes Queen • 25 yrs old • Protestant, but tolerant • Would usher in the Elizabethan Era

  16. German Principalities vs. HRE Charles V | Result 1555 Peace of Augsburg

  17. A century of religious war The Catholic Reformation

  18. Catholic Reformation • Ignatius of Loyola • The Jesuits • Soldiers of God • Absolute obedience to the Pope • The Council of Trent 1545 • Reaffirmed Catholic belief • Organized Catholicnations • Targeted enemies

  19. Religious Persecution • Catholics and Protestantspersecutedradicals and outcasts • Pressure to conform • Jews were expelled or quartered • Ghettos

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