Welcome Back Everybody! Hope your break was better than mine!

1. Today: Welcome Back! New Seats War in the Pacific – Towards the Atomic Bomb Looking Ahead: WWII Test: Friday March 7th Welcome Back Everybody! Hope your break was better than mine!

2. Feliz Martes Estudiantes! Today: • War in the Pacific • Atomic Bomb Activity – How should the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki be remembered?

3. War in the Pacific

4. War in the Pacific • Japanese Military Casualties - 2,121,955 • American Military Casualties in the Pacific Theater – 39,765 • Series of small naval and Island battles. • Fire-bombing in Tokyo – 100,000 dead, 1 million lost homes. • Decision comes- Land invasion of mainland Japan or … • Estimated Loss of Life in Land Invasion – up to 500,000 U.S. men.

5. The Manhattan Project • Headed by Robert Oppenheimer at U.C. Berkeley – Overseen by Lt. General Leslie Groves • Einstein warned Germans may be working towards this technology • Worked to create a fusion bomb. • First weapon of its time. • Sparks the Cold War arms race between U.S. and the Soviet Union Uranium slugs being loaded into a graphite reactor.

6. Manhattan Project Site Locations

7. Truman Decides • Truman decides to drop 2 different types of atomic weapons on two previously untargeted Japanese's Cities. • No one really knows what the full result will be…

8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • U.S. demands Japans’ unconditional surrender at Potsdam Conference • A uranium gun-type bomb, Little Boy, was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, • Aplutonium implosion-type bomb, Fat Man, on of Nagasaki on August 9. • Japan Surrenders on August 15th. • Within the first four months of the bombings, the effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki • roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day. • Large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians.

10. How Should We Remember The Dropping of the Atomic Bomb? • Gather evidence to support your side’s perspective. • Once you have a strong argument/narrative written to support your side, discuss with the members of your group representing the other side of the experience. • Together – You will decide on a photograph that will be the front page a memorial website – Commemorating the Dropping of the Atomic Bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

11. Block Days Rock! Today: • How should we remember the dropping of the Atomic Bomb? • Milgram Experiment Video • Looking into Evil: The Lucifer Effect • What makes people commit atrocities during times of war? Why don’t people stand up to acts of evil even when they see something wrong?

12. How Should We Remember Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Discuss: Explain your assigned perspective on the dropping of the Atomic Bomb. Which aspects of the story are MOST important for us to remember. Select one picture as a group and tape it to the white board. White your caption below. Make sure EVERYONE in your group fills out the back page of the packet. Reflect: What is your personal bias going into this activity?

13. The Lucifer Effect Are people truly evil?

14. Objective • Understand some reasons why normal people could massacre 11,000,000 people in the Holocaust. • Decide if people are truly and inherently “evil” or do people get caught up in the power of the situation.

15. Make Connections • How does this experiment connect to the Holocaust? • What are some similarities to other experiments? • Each person in the group should be able to make a connection.

16. Categorize • There are five major themes that fit each experiment: • Obedience • Conformity • Inaction • Dehumanization • Anonymity • Categorize each of the experiments using one or more of these themes. Discuss you rationale. • All of these themes are necessary to allow “evil” to happen

17. Happy Friday Friends! Today: • Updates: WWII test • Strength of action in numbers warm up • Finish reading/answering questions regarding the Lucifer Effect • Large classroom discussion. EQ: Why normal people could massacre 11,000,000 people in the Holocaust.

18. Next Week: WWII Test • Monday – Last day of instruction • Tuesday – Review day as a class for M.C. • Block Day –Open Note in class ‘essay’. • Friday – Multiple Choice Test. 60 Questions.

19. Warm-Up “Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted; the indifference of those who should have known better; the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered the most; that has made it possible for evil to triumph.” -Haile Selassie The Last Emperor of Ethiopia Read the example of inaction and the example of action in front of you. Think about what would happen in a day if EVERYONE failed to act in the situation you are presented with. If EVERYONE did act. How would the world be different?

20. Jigsaw the Lucifer Effect Each person should read the sections labeled EVERYONE. Then divide up the remaining sections, P1, P2, P3 etc. Once you have finished reading- summarize your section for your group. Everyone should take notes on every experiment. Once you have gone over the reading and clarified any questions you should complete the worksheet as a group.

21. Categorize • There are five major themes that fit each experiment: • Obedience • Conformity • Inaction • Dehumanization • Anonymity • Categorize each of the experiments using one or more of these themes. Discuss you rationale. • How are these themes both important to society and dangerous to society?

22. Class Discussion

23. The Holocaust

24. What enables people/groups of people to commit mass murder? • Obedience • Conformity • Inaction • Dehumanization • Anonymity • Fear? Hate? • Power of the situation

25. Progression of the Holocaust • Persecution of Jews in Germany 1933-1939 • Anti-Jewish Laws --. Legitimize anti-Semitism • Nuremburg Laws 1935 – deprived Jews of their citizenship • Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)1938  pogrom (organized massacre or act of violence against a specific ethnic group) against Jews • Force Jews to emigrate

26. Progression of the Holocaust cont. • Round up all Jews 1939-1941 • After the invasion of Poland (1939), Germans realized that they needed to round up the Jewish population – make room for the Germans. • Put Jews in Ghettos in Eastern European cities, i.e. Warsaw – Jews organized within the ghettos • Lived in sub-human Conditions • Jewish Resistance – Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1940

28. Progression of the Holocaust • The Final Solution 1941-1945 • Special killing squads (Einsatzgruppen) sent in after Barbarossa – Problems with killing this way? • Death Camps begin in 1941 • Operated by the SS  Hitler’s elite soldiers • Sole purpose was to kill people • Chelmno, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek, Auschwitz, and Belzec were the 6 extermination camps (all in Poland) • Main method of killing was gas chambers • Zyklon B

29. Concentration Camps

30. Nuremberg Trials 1945-46 • 21 Top Nazi officials put on trial • Nuremburg, Germany • Judges from the U.S., U.S.S.R., and Great Britain presided over the trial • Thousands of German officials and soldiers would be tried in separate trials • New International charges were created to fit the Nazi crimes • Conspiracy to commit aggressive war • Crimes Against Peace • Crimes against humanity • Genocide • Of the 21 tried: • 11 sentenced to death • 1 of which committed suicide • 7 were given various jail sentences • 3 were acquitted (not charged)

31. Holocaust Documents • Directions – • With your group look over the Holocaust Documents and complete the worksheet.