Climate Change, vulnerability, adaptation: Poverty Eradication

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2. 2 Background Climate change is happening and it is a reality Most victims are poor, they loss more but recover less CC, significant barriers/challenge to meet MDGs CC enhances existing risks and vulnerabilities Flood, droughts, storm/cyclone, salinity intrusion etc destroys annual harvests of Asia and the Pacific Vulnerability is highest in LDCs in the tropics and subtropical areas

3. 3 BackgroundIPCC Fourth Assessment Report Mountain glaciers and snow cover have declined on average in both hemispheres. Widespread decreases in glaciers and ice caps have contributed to sea level rise Global average sea level rose at an average rate of 1.8 mm per year over 1961 to 2003. Long-term trends from 1900 to 2005 have been observed in precipitation amount over many large regions. Significantly increased precipitation has been observed in eastern parts of North and South America, northern Europe and northern and central Asia.

4. 4 BackgroundIPCC Fourth Assessment Report Widespread changes in extreme temperatures have been observed over the last 50 years. Cold days, cold nights and frost have become less frequent, while hot days, hot nights, and heat waves have become more frequent

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9. 9 Future Changes in climate

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11. 11 Potential impactssome insights Safe Water supply ? at the same time that water demand ? in growing urban areas Over 25% of the developing world's urban population, including 392 million residents in Asia, lack adequate sanitation. Storage/treatment capacity would need to expand thus increasing system costs.

12. 12 Potential impacts Housing prices and insurance costs increase in flood zones Loss of property/land from sea level rise and subsidence

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15. 15 Poverty: a multi-dimensional and complex issue Poverty as Concept Poverty as concept has many meanings and interpretations and as used by different peoples in different contexts to describe different things. For examples: Poverty at Global Level (e.g. total number of world�s poor) Income Poverty (mostly commonly used meaning, e.g. number of people on dollar a day) Relative Poverty (e.g. there are many �poor� in rich countries who are rich compared to all people in many poor countries) Poverty Level in-country (e.g. unemployed, number below poverty line, food rationing etc.) Poverty Line (e.g. different countries set their own) Poverty alleviation/reduction as a goal e.g. MDG, PRSPs

16. 16 Poverty Trend

17. 17 What we can do to address climate change?  Adaptation and mitigation?

18. 18 Adaptation Improved/good governance, including active civil society and open, transparent and accountable policy and decision making processes Mainstreaming climate change, climate issues into all national, sub-national, and sectoral planning processes (e.g. PRS, National Strategies for Sustainable Development) Community empowerment, they can participate in the assessment and feed their knowledge to provide useful climate-poverty information Access to good quality information, Early warning system helps to prevent disaster impacts Reducing vulnerability of resource base to climate change, variability and extreme events (e.g. embankment to protect from floods, cyclone centre, etc)

19. 19 Adaptation Providing Knowledge and Advice (e.g. agriculture extension for farmers) Giving technology (e.g. water pumps for irrigation, nets for fishing etc) Building climate proof infrastructure (e.g. roads, water etc.) Providing School and Education (e.g. free education) Providing health services (e.g. free for poor) Climate change fund/budget

20. 20 Adaptationsome specific measures Changes of cropping pattern: Plant two or more crops instead of one or a spring and fall crop with a short fallow period to avoid excessive heat and drought in midsummer. For already warm growing areas, winter cropping could possibly become more productive than summer cropping. New crop varieties: Flood, drought and saline tolerant varieties

21. 21 Water supply, irrigation, and drainage systems: Technologies and management methods exist to increase irrigation efficiency and reduce problems of soil degradation, but in many areas, the economic incentives to reduce wasteful practices do not exist. Increased precipitation and more intense precipitation will likely mean that some areas will need to increase their use of drainage systems to avoid flooding and water-logging of soils. Adaptationsome specific measures

22. 22 AdaptationSome specific measures Use near-term climate predictions: Accurate six-month to one-year forecasts could possibly reduce losses due to weather variability. For example, predictions of El Ni�o events have proven useful in regions where El Ni�o strongly affects weather. Other management adjustments: Virtually all components of the farming system from planting to harvesting to selling might be modified to adjust to climate

23. 23 Few examples in Bangladesh Increase income through alternative livelihoods

24. 24 Few examples in Bangladesh Increase income through alternative livelihoods

25. 25 Few examples in Bangladesh Increase income through alternative livelihoods

26. 26 Few examples in Bangladesh Increase income through alternative livelihoods

27. 27 Thank you