Hazardous Waste Management Introduction

1. Hazardous Waste Management Introduction

2. Topics Historical Hazardous Waste Tragedies Love Canal, NY, USA Minimata Disease, Minimata Bay, Japan Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Bhopal, India Waste Regulations What is Hazardous Waste Characteristics of Hazardous Waste List of industries generating hazardous waste

3. Love Canal Tragedy 1978 – Love Canal Dumping of municipal and industrial chemicals Main contaminant was benzene Birth defects, Leukemia, http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/lovecanal/01.htm Sept 30, 2004, Love Canal released from Superfund Site by EPA Love Canal: The most dangerous spot in America. Except that it never was.

4. Minimata Tragedy Dumping mercury into sea water 1932-1968 Minimata Disease http://www.american.edu/TED/MINAMATA.HTM

5. Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Bhopal, India December 1984 Union Carbide Pesticide plant Methyl Isocynate complete blindness, gastrointestinal disorders, impaired immune systems,

6. US Environmental Legislative Process Overview

7. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act • Goals • To protect human health and the environment from the potential hazards of waste disposal • To conserve energy and natural resources • To reduce the amount of waste generated • To ensure that wastes are managed in an environmentally sound manner.

8. Subtitle C and D • Subtitle C – Hazardous Waste Management • Establishes a federal program to manage hazardous wastes from cradle to grave to ensure that hazardous waste is handled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. • Subtitle D – Solid Waste Management • Focuses on state and local governments as the primary planning, regulating, and implementing entities for the management of nonhazardous solid waste

9. A waste is “a discarded material including solid, liquid, semisolid (sludge) or contained gaseous material.” May 19, 1980 Federal Register.

11. Recycled Materials • Some materials are not solid wastes when recycled, therefore not hazardous wastes, others are wastes, but subject to less-stringent regulatory control

13. Excluded Wastes • Exclusions from the definition of solid waste (21) • Exclusions from the definition of hazardous waste (17) • Exclusions for waste generated in raw material, product storage, or manufacturing units • Exclusions for laboratory samples and waste treatability studies • Exclusions for dredged material regulated under the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act or the Clean Water Act

14. Characteristic Hazardous Waste • Not excluded • Exhibits a hazardous characteristic

15. Characteristics of Hazardous Waste Ignitibility: Can create fire under certain conditions Spontaneously combustible or flash point less than 60oC E.g. Waste Oils, Used Solvents

16. Characteristics of Hazardous Waste Corrosivity: Usually pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5 Very strong acids or bases E.g. Battery Acids

17. Characteristics of Hazardous Waste Reactivity: Unstable under normal conditions (white phosphorus). May be explosive or release toxic fumes Reacts violently with water (sulfuric acid). Forms potentially explosive mixtures with water or generates gases when mixed with water (sodium). Generates toxic gases when exposed to corrosive chemicals (cyanide, sulfide). Can explode at standard temp. & pressure Forbidden explosive found in 49 CFR 173.51, 173.53 or 173.88 (detonators, fireworks, munitions

18. Characteristics of Hazardous Waste Toxicity: Harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed E.g Mercury, Lead, Benzene

19. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

20. Toxicity (D004-D043)

21. Is It Listed Waste? When determining if a waste is “listed”: • Sources of potentially listed contaminant? • What process generated the chemical? • F Waste: Generic process using • specific solvents. • K Waste: Specific industry process. • P & U Waste: Unused chemical w/sole active ingredient. • Toluene, MEK, Acetone

22. Typical Industries Generating Hazardous Waste Aerospace Automobile Batteries Electronic component manufacturing Electroplating Inorganic Chemicals Inorganic pigments Iron & Steel Leather tanning & Finishing Metal smelting & Finishing Organic Chemicals Paints & Coating Perfumes & Cosmetics Pesticides & herbicides Petroleum Refining Pharmaceuticals Photographic Equipment & Supplies Printing Pulp & Paper mills Ship building Textile Mills Wood preservation and processing

23. Mixture Rule • The mixture rule is intended to ensure that mixtures of listed wastes with nonhazardous solid wastes are regulated in a manner that minimizes threats to human health and the environment. • Even if a small vial of listed waste is mixed with a large quantity of nonhazardous waste, the resulting mixture bears the same waste code and regulatory status as the original listed component of the mixture, unless the generator obtains a delisting. • A mixture involving characteristic wastes is hazardous only if the mixture itself exhibits a characteristic

24. Derived-From Rule • Any residue from the treatment, storage or disposal of a listed waste is till a hazardous waste • Unless the waste is derived from a characteristic waste and does not exhibita characteristic • Or unless the waste is recycled to make new products

25. Universal Waste • Wastes that do meet the regulatory definition of hazardous waste, but are managed under special, tailored regulations. These wastes include: • batteries • pesticides • lamps/fluorescent bulbs • mercury-containing equipment/thermostats

26. Generator Status Generator Status

27. Generator Status • Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG). • Small Quantity Generator (SQG). • Large Quantity Generator (LQG). • Determined by how much you generate in a calendar month. • NOT AVERAGED

28. Large Quantity Generator (LQG) • Generates 1000 kg (2200 lb) of HW in a calendar month. • Generates 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acutely toxic HW waste in a calendar month. 100 kg = approximately 1/2 - 55 gal drum.

29. LQG • Must obtain EPA ID Number. • Must use manifest system for shipping HW. • Must keep records for three years - recommend forever. • Must label & date HW containers and keep closed. • Must perform and document weekly inspections. • Must have a contingency plan. • Must notify local authorities. • Must train personnel to handle HW properly. • Annually review & document all training. • Must meet satellite accumulation requirements. • No quantity limitation at any time. • Must never store HW > 90 days. • Biennial Report (Jack Griffith 850-245-8748).

30. Small Quantity Generators

31. Conditionally Exempt SQG

32. 2005 US Hazardous Waste Data (most recenlty available) • Tons Generated: 38 million • Number of Generators: 16191 (14984 Large Quantity Generators)

35. Recordkeeping Hazardous Waste Records Paint Waste Used Oil Filters Used Oil Waste Antifreeze Parts Washer Parts On Order Returned Checks Billing

36. Manifests & Receipts • Complete and retain copies for 3 years.Recommend keeping forever. • Keep copies on site - NOT at main office. • Keep them organized. • Know what your signing!!! It’s a legal document! • Attach copy returned from disposal facility to copy left by transporter. • File an exception report if return copy of manifest is not received within 45 days. Investigate after 35 days. • No contractual agreement exemption.

37. Uniform Manifest • EPA ID #. • Generators name. • Transporters name. • DOT Description. • Generator, transporter and TSD facility signature.