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NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES. DR. BURÇE ÇELİK. Orality and Literacy by Walter J. Ong. Diachronic method: “past and present, Homer and television illuminate each other”(p.2).

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NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

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  1. NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES DR. BURÇE ÇELİK

  2. Orality and Literacyby Walter J. Ong • Diachronic method: “past and present, Homer and television illuminate each other”(p.2). • Orality and literacy coexisted for a particular period of time; just as the printing machines coexist with the Internet in our age (synchronic) • Writing is thought to be mimicking spoken language and is never perfect as speech is. Speech has historically been thought to be closer the truth than writing.

  3. Oral culture • Writing locks the words into a visual field forever. • Sound resists stabilization. Words in oral culture are like events and actions. • In oral culture, restriction of words to sound determines not only modes of expression but also thought processes.

  4. Psychodynamics of orality • Additive rather than subordinative (no ands but when, however, so etc). • Aggregative rather than analytic (beautiful princess not only princess) • Redundant or copius (“thought requires some continuity…there is nothing to backloop into outside the mind for the oral utterance has vanished as soon as it is uttered”p.39). • Conservative or traditionalist ( the knowledge has to be repeated loudly in order not to be forgotten- giving way to conservativism). • Close to the human lifeworld (writing structures knowledge at a distance from lived practices, while oral cultures must comceptualize all their knowledge with a specific reference to the lifeworld) (think of the god images – no knowledge of statistics or facts divorced from human activity).

  5. Psychodynamics of orality • Agonistically noted (situates knowledge within the context of struggle- violence- the dualities of good and evil). • Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced (no objectivity rather the communal soul sets the objective field). • Homeostatic (no dictionaries of course! Words get their meaning only from their always insistent actual habitat, including gestures, vocal inflections, facial expressions… the meanings of word come out of the present, though the past meanings always shape the present meaning in many ways). • Situational rather than abstract ( not circles or triangles or rectangles; but mirrors, cups, stones in these shapes).

  6. Sound and Interiority • Sound and interior of a thing… you can know if the box is empty by hearing its interiority. • Interiority as psyche- • Sound is immersive, you are immersed in soundspace technologies. • Sound is a unifying sense, producing harmony. • Harmony and interiority belong in consciousness.

  7. Writing, Plato and Computers • Plato says Socrates says that: • Writing is inhuman. It is a product (so is computer). • Writing destroys memory. Writing weakens the mind. (calculators do the same!) • Writing is passive. Orality is struggle. Writing produces an unnatural world ( the virtual reality of the computer based communication).

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