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Phytoplankton and Fluorescence Matt Oliver August 18, 2014

Phytoplankton and Fluorescence Matt Oliver August 18, 2014. What CONVERGE research mission question is this answering?. Do areas of convergence create greater concentrations of phytoplankton that are fed on by krill?. How are these methods answering that question?.

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Phytoplankton and Fluorescence Matt Oliver August 18, 2014

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  1. Phytoplankton and FluorescenceMatt OliverAugust 18, 2014

  2. What CONVERGE research mission question is this answering? • Do areas of convergence create greater concentrations of phytoplankton that are fed on by krill?

  3. How are these methods answering that question? • By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence on a glider, we can see if higher phytoplankton concentrations are associated with convergence zones.

  4. How do these results connect to the big picture? • Higher concentrations of phytoplankton lead to the transfer of energy up the food web.

  5. What are Phytoplankton?2. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?3. What does it mean to transfer energy up the food web?

  6. What are phytoplankton? Phyto + Plankton = Plant + Drifter Photosynthetic (use light to create biomass) So small that they drift with the currents (0.2 – 200 microns) Thickness of 1 piece of paper is ~ 25 microns.

  7. What are phytoplankton? Phytoplankton Taxonomy is Crazy Phytoplankton is a FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION

  8. What are phytoplankton? Coccolithophores Diatoms Dinoflagellates

  9. What are phytoplankton? Phyto + Plankton = Plant + Drifter Phytoplankton are recognized by what they DO. Photosynthesize Drift About 50% of the oxygen in your lungs came from a phytoplankton

  10. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence? Photosynthesize = Convert Light, Nutrients, Carbon Dioxide into Organic Matter Using the pigment called Chlorophyll Chlorophyll absorbs light (mostly blue and red) Chloroplasts are little green dots inside this phytoplankton cell

  11. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence? photons CO2 Chlorophyll Fluorescence is extra light energy being dispersed as red photons by the chlorophyll molecule in the chloroplast. The more red light is measured, the more chlorophyll is present. O2 Chloroplast Organic Matter Nutrients

  12. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence? By attaching a “blue” flashing light source to the glider, we can measure the red chlorophyll fluorescence and estimate where the phytoplankton concentrations are the highest

  13. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence? We measure Chlorophyll Fluorescence at many depths as a glider moves from one location to another location. • Data

  14. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence? By attaching a “blue” flashing light source to the glider, we can measure the red chlorophyll fluorescence and estimate where the phytoplankton concentrations are the highest

  15. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence? This isn’t Chlorophyll Fluorescence….this is Chlorophyll Reflection measured by satellites. Convergent zones appear to be concentrating phytoplankton.

  16. What is the transfer of energy of the food web? Animals cannot survive on the average food in the ocean (Lasker 1975)

  17. What is the transfer of energy of the food web? The food chains leading to tuna and humans and to sardines and humans (assuming that the trophic efficiency at each trophic level is 10%). LAST TIME

  18. What is the transfer of energy of the food web? Since many organisms feed at more than one trophic level, feeding relationships in the oceans form complex food webs. LAST TIME This is a simplified representation of the pelagic food web of the Southern Ocean.

  19. What is the transfer of energy of the food web? What are the concentration mechanisms for each trophic level? LAST TIME Animal Behavior Dynamics of the fluids

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