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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Geometric Orientalizing Archaic Classical Hellenistic. Key Ideas. Innovations led to classical art Idealized human form Temple architecture still influential today Mostly sculpture, architecture and pottery Pottery has paintings on it

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Geometric Orientalizing Archaic Classical Hellenistic

  2. Key Ideas • Innovations led to classical art • Idealized human form • Temple architecture still influential today • Mostly sculpture, architecture and pottery • Pottery has paintings on it • Polytheistic religion rooted in mythology – deities were human-like • Transition from the mythical to the rational • Formation of city-states: i.e., Sparta, Athens, Corinth

  3. More key ideas….. • Artists begin signing sculpture and pottery • Celebration of the athlete • Sculptural innovations: nude male figures (along with some female nudes, eventually); large-scale marble and bronze sculptures (bronze allowed for more bold composition); stone sculptures no longer attached to walls or blocks; very realistic depictions; fluidity

  4. Deities/Heroes • 12 major ‘Sky’ deities live on Mt. Olympus – they defeated the ‘Earth’ deities (AKA – Titans or Giants) • Human heroic deeds attributed to the deities • Many Roman equivalents • Characteristics of individual deities change over time

  5. 5 Children of the Earth and Sky • Zeus (Jupiter) – supreme deity • Hera (Juno) – sister/wife of Zeus – goddess of marriage • Hestia (Vesta) –goddess of the hearth • Poseidon (Neptune) – god of the sea • Hades (Pluto) – god of the underworld, the dead and wealth

  6. 7 Sky Gods Offspring of the First 5 • Ares (Mars) – god of war • Hephaistos (Vulcan) – god of fire and forgery • Apollo (Phoebus) – god of sun, light, truth, music, archery, healing • Artemis (Diana) – goddess of the hunt, wild animals and the moon • Athena (Minerva) – goddess of war, wisdom, civilization, victories and cities • Aphrodite (Venus) – goddess of love • Hermes (Mercury) – messenger of the gods

  7. Supporting gods • Demeter: goddess of agriculture • Persephone: goddess of fertility and queen of the underworld • Dionysus: god of wine • Eros (Cupid): god of love • Nike: goddess of victory • Pan: god of wilderness/protector of shepherds/half goat • Ge: goddess of the Earth/mother of the Titans

  8. Human Heroes • Herakles (Hercules): granted immortality for the Twelve Labors • Theseus: killed the Minotaur • Perseus: killed Medusa (snake-haired)

  9. Trojan War Heroes Greeks Trojans Paris Priam Hector Sarpedon Aeneas (progenitor of the Romans)!!!!!! LINKAGE!!!!! • Agamemnon • Odysseus (Ulysses) • Achilles • Petroclus • Ajax

  10. Geometric Art 900-700 BCE

  11. Geometric Art Key Ideas • Followed the 200 year “Dark Age” of ancient Greece that came after the collapse of Mycenaean society • Ceramic decoration using linear motifs: diamonds, spirals, cross-hatching • Ceramic painted using slip (mixture of clay/water) • First Greek temples – very simple

  12. Centaur, 10th century BCE, terra-cotta Cross-hatching Geometric shapes Reduction in form – simplified geometric solids Thrown on a potter’s wheel, then solid legs , arms, tail added Painted with red slip May symbolize duality of humans (good/bad) Found in cemetery

  13. Funerary Krater, 8th Century BCE, terra-cotta, approx. 43” Krater is a grave marker Humans are part of narrative Focus is on the reaction of mourners, not the deceased Repetitive geometric pattern of funeral Body is ready to be cremated (new burial practice for the area Afterlife in ancient Greece was not able to be understood, according to their beliefs Torsos are triangles Stylized shields Dots for eyes

  14. Orientalizing Art 700-600 BCE

  15. Olpe, 600 BCE, ceramic with black-figure decoration Olpe is a pitcher Stylized flowers (rosettes) Source of motifs was near east and Egypt Hybrid creatures Less densely-packed design than in geometric

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