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Network Technology Associate v2.0

Network Technology Associate v2.0. Lesson 1: Introduction to Networking. Lesson 1 Objectives. Define telephony and convergence networking Identify network topologies Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP Define LANs and WANs

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Network Technology Associate v2.0

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  1. Network Technology Associate v2.0

  2. Lesson 1:Introduction to Networking

  3. Lesson 1 Objectives • Define telephony and convergence networking • Identify network topologies • Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process • Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP • Define LANs and WANs • Describe server-based and peer-to-peer networks • Describe a Network Operations Center (NOC) • Describe peer-to-peer and server-based networks • Distinguish between distributed architectures and database models

  4. Telephony and Convergence Networking • PSTN – still an integral part of the Internet infrastructure because it furnishes most of the long-distance connections • Voice over IP (VoIP) – voice transmissions are delivered in digital form as packets of data using an Internet connection and hardware or software installed on personal computers • Unified communications enable voice to be converted into text, and vice versa • Presencing – the ability for devices to automatically track and report your location and availability

  5. Mainframes • Mainframe (centralized) computing provided the first practical network solution • Retrieving information from mainframes • Mainframe liabilities • The future of mainframes • Mainframes and cloud computing / Software as a Service (SaaS)

  6. Mainframe Networking Model

  7. Client/Server Model • Client/server model (distributed computing) divides processing tasks between the client and the server

  8. Client/Server Model (cont'd) • Client/server model databases and SQL • Hadoop • Client/server advantages • Two-tier, three-tier and n-tier computing

  9. Network Operations Center (NOC) • A specific location from which a network is managed, monitored and maintained • Central point for network maintenance and troubleshooting • Generally includes multiple, redundant network connections and redundant power supplies • Many have dedicated phone lines from a separate provider and mobile phones to ensure communication in an emergency

  10. Networking Categories • Peer-to-peer • Microsoft peer-to-peer • P2P • Centralized or decentralized • Server-based • UNIX/Linux • Microsoft Windows Server

  11. Network Topologies • Bus • Star • Ring • Hybrid • Mesh

  12. Network Operating Systems • Operating systems that manage network resources • Interoperability • Microsoft Windows • UNIX/Linux

  13. OSI Reference Model • Defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1983 • Gives developers universal concepts so they can develop and perfect protocols that can work with operating system and network products developed by other vendors • Explains the framework used to connect heterogeneous systems • Describes the process of packet creation (how the layers communicate)

  14. OSI Model Layers

  15. Packets • Packets consist of: • Header (OSI/RM layer information) • Actual data • Trailer (information that validates the packet) • CRC

  16. Packet Creation (Adding Headers)

  17. OSI/RM Protocol Examples • Application layer • SMTP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, SMB, NFS • Transport layer • TCP • Network layer • IP • Data link layer • Ethernet, Token Ring

  18. MajorNetworking Protocols • Connection-oriented (stateful) • Connectionless (stateless) • Routable • Non-routable

  19. Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) • Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol • A collection of protocols • TCP • IP • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) • An open standard

  20. Binding Protocols • Binding protocols • You must attach, or bind, protocols to your NIC • Protocols and binding order

  21. Local AreaNetworks (LANs) • A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area • Commonly used for intra-office communication

  22. Wide AreaNetworks (WANs) • A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area

  23. Internet Exchange Point (IXP) • Internet backbones • Segments

  24. Lesson 1 Summary • Define telephony and convergence networking • Identify network topologies • Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process • Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP • Define LANs and WANs • Describe server-based and peer-to-peer networks • Describe a Network Operations Center (NOC) • Describe peer-to-peer and server-based networks • Distinguish between distributed architectures and database models

  25. Lesson 2:Networking Components and Standards

  26. Lesson 2 Objectives • Identify common network components • Identify transmission media and types • Define wireless network technologies • Describe IEEE LAN standards • Describe T and E carriers • Identify the requirements and benefits of virtualization

  27. CommonNetwork Components • Network Interface Cards (NICs) • Hubs • Bridges • Routers • Switches • Channel Service Unit / Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU) • Modems • Firewalls

  28. TransmissionMedia • Twisted-pair cable • Coaxial cable • Fiber-optic cable • Wireless technologies

  29. Wireless Network Technologies • Wireless communications use spread spectrum technologies • OFDM • DSSS • MIMO • Wireless networking modes • Ad-hoc • Infrastructure • Wireless access point (AP) • Wireless AP security features • Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) • Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) • MAC address filtering

  30. Wireless Network Technologies (cont'd) • Wireless management software • Suitability of a wireless LAN

  31. Transmission Types • Synchronous transmission • Asynchronous transmission • Data transmission flow • Simplex • Half duplex • Full duplex

  32. IEEE LAN Standards • IEEE 802.2 • Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.3u — Fast Ethernet • IEEE 802.3z and 802.3ab — Gigabit Ethernet • IEEE 802.3ae — 10-Gigabit Ethernet • IEEE 802.5 — Token Ring • IEEE 802.11 — Wireless Ethernet

  33. T-Carrier System

  34. E-Carrier System

  35. Virtualization • Virtualization allows you to run multiple virtual operating systems and applications on a single physical computer • VMware • Parallels • VirtualBox • Requirements for virtualization • Benefits of virtualization

  36. Lesson 2 Summary • Identify common network components • Identify transmission media and types • Define wireless network technologies • Describe IEEE LAN standards • Describe T and E carriers • Identify the requirements and benefits of virtualization

  37. Lesson 3:Connecting to the Internet

  38. Lesson 3 Objectives • Identify mobile devices and operating systems • Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP • Explain the routing process • Discuss routing protocols • Describe port numbers and their functions • Compare and contrast IPv4 and IPv6 • Explain IP addressing, subnet masks, subnet prefix length, and the use of public and private IP addresses • Define the TCP/IP properties needed to configure a typical workstation • Describe various diagnostic tools for troubleshooting TCP/IP networks

  39. Mobile Computing • Using technology while “on the go” • Smartphones • Tablets • Netbooks • Portable media players

  40. Mobile Devices and Cloud Computing • Mobile devices are the perfect clients for cloud computing • Mobile devices, peripherals and memory • Mobile device advantages

  41. Configuring a Wireless Network • Plug in the wireless AP • Configure the wireless AP's SSID, encryption level and shared key • Insert the wireless NIC into the computer • Choose a networking protocol and configure the protocol for each client • Configure each computer's wireless NIC to use the wireless AP • Troubleshoot the connection • Configure additional security features • Plug the wireless AP into a wired network (optional)

  42. Fourth-Generation (4G) Wireless • Dedicated to mobile devices • 4G mobile hotspot • Bluetooth

  43. TCP/IP • All devices that connect to the Internet use TCP/IP • Allows computers to communicate • Internet addresses

  44. Internet Architecture

  45. Internet Protocols • Network access layer • Internet layer • Transport layer • Application layer

  46. Demultiplexing

  47. Introduction to Routing • Direct routing • Indirect routing • Routing process • Routing information tables • Static vs. dynamic routing

  48. Routing Protocols • Interior vs. exterior protocols • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and RIPv2 • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

  49. Port Numbers • 16‑bit integer value that identifies a communication channel to a specific user process • FTP = Port 21 • HTTP = Port 80 • DNS = Port 53 • SMTP = Port 25

  50. Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) • Was the primary Internet address system until advent of IPv6 • IPv4 addresses are now depleted • Subnet mask • Distinguishes the network and host portions of an IPv4 address • Specifies whether a destination address is local or remote

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