Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1 The Nature of Life Mr. Raucci

2. The Fallacy • “Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc” • “________________________________” • A logical fallacy stating, "Since that event followed this one, _____________________ ______________________________________.” The Truth SAT Box Latin Post – after Ergo – therefore Vocab Sequential – in a row • Sequential occurrence ____________ _________________________________

5. How to Out a Witch Bound Submersion There was no favorable result in this test; essentially the alleged witch would be bound at the hands and feet – with heavy rocked attached – and thrown into a body of water. If the body floated to the surface, that was proof, along some kind of whimsical lines, that the accused was indeed a witch (at which point they’d execute her by some other means). If she sank to the bottom – and inevitably drowned – she was innocent. Given that none of these girls had received any proper Navy Sealstraining – inhale, hold your breath, don’t panic – about 100% of them drowned, with apathetic standers-by shrugging it off, thinking ‘Oh well. Now we know.” SAT Box Vocab Whimsical – spontaneously playful Submerse – be below Immerse – surround with Allege – suggest Inevitable – guaranteed

6. The Fallacy • “Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc” • A logical fallacy stating "with this, therefore because of this“ – implying that correlation implies causation The Truth • a correlation between ___________ __________________________________________________________________ SAT Box Latin Cum – with Vocab Fallacy – false idea Implying – suggesting Correlation - relationship

7. Print out • http://www.jdenuno.com/PDFfiles/RootWords.pdf

8. Chapter 1 Vocabulary • Growth • Homeostasis • Metabolism • Nutrition • Organism • Reproduction • Respiration • Transport

9. Is Life Common? • What is Life? • What are the characteristics of life? • Why is there life?

10. The Drake Equation • Neil deGrasse Tyson explanation • Big Bang explanation N = the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication might be possible (i.e. which are on our current past light cone) R* = the average number of star formation per year in our galaxy fp = the fraction of those stars that have planets ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planets fl = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point fi= the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations) fc = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space L = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space

11. N = 10 x .5 x 2 x 1 x .1 x .01 x 40,000 = 400 intelligent alien civilizations with the technology to transmit and potentially contact us. Next question: If SETI does receive a message, what then?

12. Characteristics of Life Biology – the study of living things • Living things are highly ____________________________ ______________________________________ • … are made up ___________________________. • … use ________________________________ • … have a definite ____________________________ • … have a limited ____________________________ • … grow • … respond ________________________________ • …are able ___________________________________ • Groups of living things ________________________________

13. What about a virus? Viruses are small portions of DNA or RNA surrounded _________________. They are only capable of ___________ _______________________. Are viruses alive? What if life is discovered elsewhere? Will we need to refine our definitions? Flu virus through an electron microscope SAT Box Vocab Refine – purify or make distinctions

14. SAT Box Latin Adeno - gland Rhino - nose Vocab Mosaic – made of many diverse parts Epidemic - widespread

15. Homeostasis • Defn: the maintenance ____________________________________________ • The key to understanding life • Temperature, hormones, hydration, ________________________________________________, … SAT Box Latin Homeo – same Stasis – state of Vaso – blood vessel Vocab Maintenance – continuance Hydration – infuse water Dilation – expansion Constriction - shrinking

16. Nutrition • Defn: the taking of materials from ___________________________ ______________________________ • Nutrients – substances an organism __________________________________________________________ (can come in the form of solids, liquids or gases) • Ingestion – taking in __________ but usually not in a usable form • Digestion – the _________________ __________________materials into simpler forms

17. Transport • Defn: the process by which ______________ _________________________________________ SAT Box Latin Extra – outside Intra - inside

18. (Cellular) Respiration • The obtaining of _____________________ _____________________________________. • Aerobic – while utilizing ______________ • _________ – without utilizing oxygen SAT Box Latin Aer – air An - without Vocab Utilizing - using

19. Synthesis • Defn: combining simple substances ________________ _________________ _________________. SAT Box Latin Syn – with Thesis – put Vocab Complementary – fitting together

20. Growth • Increasing size • Unicellular – _________________ • Multicellular – ____________________________ • specialization • Animal growth is time defined • Some Plants & some other organisms can grow indefinitely SAT Box Latin Uni – one Multi - many Vocab Indefinitely – without end

21. Excretion • The process of ____________ _____________ • Differs from secretion SAT Box Latin Ex – out or from photo - light

22. Regulation • The process of __________________________ • In animals performed by __________________ ________________________________________ • Endocrine – hormones = chemical messengers (also used by plants) • Nervous – neuro-chemical impulses Demo 1 – kidneys Demo 2 - temperature SAT Box Latin Endo –within Exo – outside of

23. Reproduction • Necessary for continuation of a species but not an individual organism • Sexual – _______________________________ • Asexual – ______________________________ SAT Box Latin A - not Vocab Clone – exact copy Trait - characterisitc

24. Metabolism • The sum total of ____________________________________________________________________ • Anabolism • Catabolism SAT Box Latin Ana – up or repeating Cata – down Vocab Anabolism – building up Catabolism – breaking down