The Importance of Physical Activity Experiences

1. The Importance of Physical Activity Experiences Chapter 3

2. Role in Society and Education What are the implications of changing U.S. demographics for physical education, exercise science, and sport (PEEXSPT)? What is the role of PEEXSPT professionals in the promotion of health and wellness? How can PEEXSPT professionals promote a physically active lifestyle for people of all ages? What is the emphasis of the current educational reform movement and what are the implications for PEEXSPT?

3. Changing Demographics US life expectancy at an all time high – 77.9 yrs. Public health initiatives Advances in medical science & technology Improvements in standards of living Population is becoming older In 2000, 2% of population was 85 or older, by 2050, 5% of population will be 85 or older. By 2030, one in five will be over the age of 65.

4. Changing Demographics Society is becoming increasing diverse. 2000 US Census reveals 12.5% of population is Hispanic and 24.8% of the population is non-White. In 2004, 43% of public school students were minorities, an increase from 22% in 1972. In 2010 ethnic and racial minorities account for 32% of the population.

5. Poverty Poverty is associated with poor health outcomes for all ages, including higher rates of mortality. US poverty threshold in 2007 in an annual income below $10,210 for a single person and $20,650 for a family of four. Poverty rates White non-Hispanics - 8.3% Blacks non-Hispanics - 24.9% Hispanics - 21.8% Asian & Pacific Islanders – 11.1% Poverty is greatest in the Southern U.S.

6. Achieving Cultural Competence “...an on-going developmental process of personal reflection and growth.” Reflect on your own cultural heritage, beliefs and biases. Understand how power, privilege, oppression, discrimination, and stereotypes influence opportunities for different cultural groups. Gain knowledge of other cultures. Show respect and compassion for cultural differences.

7. Wellness defined ... …state of optimal health and well-being. …living life to the fullest and maximizing one’s potential as a whole person. There is an enormous disconnect between what we know about the benefits of vigorous physical activity and our behavior patterns.

8. Epidemiologic Shift 1900 leading causes of death were related to infectious diseases Leading causes of death: influenza, pneumonia, TB, and gastrointestinal problems Life expectancy averages 47.3 yrs. Today leading causes of death are chronic diseases. Leading causes of death are heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Life expectancy averages 77.9 yrs.

9. Classwork Groups of 2 Discuss these questions. Who most influences your PA choices? Why do these people have an influence on you? Talk about what other factors contribute to your participation in PA. Little league, YMCA, etc… What distracts you from exercising? Social environment Individual circumstances Personal attributes

10. Risk Factors for Disease Non-modifiable Age Gender Race Ethnicity Heredity Modifiable Smoking Physical inactivity Diet Obesity Sun exposure Alcohol use Controllable

11. Healthy People 2010 A blueprint for improving the health of individuals and the health status of the nation. Two main goals: Increase quality and years of healthy life Eliminate health disparities

12. HP 2010 Goal – Health Disparities Eliminate health disparities among population groups Life expectancy Men outlive women (80.4 yrs vs. 75.2 yrs) White men and women outlive African American men and women Health disparities Minority infants’ mortality rate is about double the rate for white infants. African Americans’ death rate from heart disease is about 40% higher than for whites. Hispanics are twice as likely to die from diabetes than non-Hispanic whites.

13. HP 2010 and Physical Activity (PA) Increase adult & adolescent engagement in leisure time PA and daily moderate and vigorous PA Increase adult & adolescent engagement in strengthening and flexibility PA Increase daily PE and activity during PE classes Decrease TV watching Increase access to school PA facilities Increase worksite PA programs Increase walking for short trips Increase trips made by biking

14. Obesity Epidemic The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, youth, and adults has risen to an all-time high. About 60% of adults are overweight and 30% are obese. About 15% of children and youth are overweight.

15. Benefits of Regular PA Helps maintain functional independence of elderly Prevents disease Assists in the management of many diseases Enhances the quality of life for ALL Reduces medical costs Increases productivity and decreases absenteeism at work and school and many more…

16. PA & Health Engaging in moderate-intensity PA for at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week yields substantial health benefits. Additional benefits can be gained through increasing the intensity and/or amount of PA. HP 2010 seeks to increase PA in all population groups.

18. Fitness & PA Children & Youth More than 60 of students engage in vigorous PA 3 or more days About 25% students engage in moderate levels of PA 5 or more days Over 50% of students engage in strengthening activities Males are more active than females White students are more active than black or Hispanic students Participation in PA decreases as students’ grade increased Nearly 40% of students watch TV 3 or more hours a day during the school day

19. Fitness & PA of Adults Nearly 40% of adults are inactive during their leisure time. About 60% of adults engaged in some leisure physical activity during their leisure time. Nearly 25% of adults engage in strengthening activities Men tend to be more active than women Younger adults are more active than older adults Engagement in physical activity in influenced by race, ethnicity, level of education, and socioeconomic status

20. Poor Health is Costly In 2005, health care expenditures were $1.99 trillion or 16% of GNP. Projected to be $3.4 trillion or 18.4% of GNP in 2013. In 2004, cost of cardiovascular disease was $368.4 billion. In 2003, cost of cancer was $189.4 billion In 2000, health care costs associated with obesity were $177 billion. In 2000, health care costs associated with physical inactivity were $76 billion. If only 10% of adults started a regular walking program, an estimated $5.6 billion in heart disease costs could be saved.

21. Physical Activity & Adults Health club membership is at an all-time high – 41.3 million. Nearly 60% of members are 35 years and older. Slightly more women than men are members. Over 55% of members have an income greater that $75,000 whereas only 8% have an income of less than $25,000. Fitness sales (wholesale) reached $4.182 billion in 2005. Consumer spending for fitness equipment account for about 80% of these sales. Treadmills are the most popular home exercise equipment, but sales of free weights, elliptical machines, and home gyms have grown steadily.

22. Benefits of Regular PA Reduces risk of Dying prematurely Dying from heart disease Developing diabetes Developing hypertension Developing certain cancers Helps Manage hypertension Manage weight Build and maintain healthy bones and joints Older adults move more easily and reduces risks of falls Promote psychological well-being

23. Educational Reform and PE Is PE a “frill” and nonessential to curriculum? There has been increased time in schools for core academic subjects, thus reducing time for physical education, music, and art. NASPE: PE should be an integral part of the school curriculum. Physical education can affect both academic learning and the physical activity patterns of students.

24. How does PE help educational achievement? Healthy children have more energy available for learning. PE is important for the overall education of students. Daily, quality PE programs can contribute to the attainment of our national health goals set out by Healthy People 2010. Reaches disadvantaged children who many not have access to outside the school PA programs. Developing healthy habits at a young age can encourage lifelong healthy lifestyles.

25. NASPE Recommendations Requirements for PE: Elementary school – 150 minutes/week. Middle school - 225 minutes/week. High school - 225 minutes/week. Physical education instruction should be the “cornerstone of a systematic physical activity promotion in school that also includes recess, afterschool clubs, intramurals as well as competitive athletics.”

26. Promoting Better Health…. Strategies that will help young people increase their level of PA: Families who model and support enjoyable PA School programs, including daily quality PE, health education, recess and extracurricular activities After school and recreation programs that offer a wide array of developmentally appropriate activities Community programs that make it easy to walk, bike, and use close to home physical activities Media campaigns that increase motivation of young people to be active

27. Discussion What things can you learn about someone when you “play” with them? What social skills can be enhanced with Physical Activity?