French & Indian War

2. 1754-1763 Also known as the Seven Year’s War French & Indian War

3. Albany Congress

4. Tightening of Colonial Control • Navigation Laws • Proclamation of 1763 • Mercantilism • Sugar Act • Quartering Act • Stamp Act

5. Proclamation of 1763

6. Mercantilism (Positives) • Salutary neglect allowed for smuggling and self-governing • Tobacco planters had monopolies with Britain • Backing of the British military • Colonists had unprecedented opportunities for wealth

7. Mercantilism (Negatives) • Trade conditions always favored the British • Americans could not make the most of their manufacturing and trade opportunities

8. Why did the British begin enforcing the Navigation Acts and place new taxes upon the colonies?

9. Sugar Act, 1764 • Raised duties on sugar imported from the West Indies • Colonial protest allowed the duties to be reduced

10. Quartering Act, 1765 • Called for colonies to provide food and lodging for the British military

11. Stamp Act, 1765 • Required the use of stamp paper or to put stamps on goods to show that a tax had been paid

12. American Viewpoint on Representation • Angered by the principle of the taxes (spoiled by salutary neglect) • Said England could not tax colonists because colonies had no representation in Parliament • Battle cry became “No taxation without representation!”

13. British Viewpoint on Representation • Argued the notion of “virtual representation” • The colonists said “Flowers!”

14. Stamp Act Congress

16. Townshend Acts, 1767 • Placed taxes on tea • Tea began to be smuggled • Troops had to be brought to America in order to enforce the tax

17. The Boston Tea Party, 1773

18. Boston Massacre, 1775

19. Committees of Correspondence Samuel Adams (today) Samuel Adams (then)

20. Intolerable Acts • Boston Port Act closed Boston Harbor • Town hall meetings had to be approved • Massachusetts charter was revoked

22. First Continental Congress • September 5th to October 26th, 1774 in Philadelphia • Met to discuss grievances against Britain • Made a list and submitted it to Parliament • Largely ignored by Parliament

24. Lexington & ConcordApril 18, 1775 The Shot Heard Around the World

26. Second Continental Congress • May, 1775 in Philadelphia • Sent another set of grievances to Parliament • Devised plans to raise money and an army

27. Chosen to command the Continental Army George Washington

28. Wrote “Common Sense” Outlined the reasons Americans should fight for independence from Great Britain Thomas Paine

29. Declaration of Independence

30. Loyalists vs. Patriots • Patriots (Whigs) • Loyalists (Tories) were colonists who supported the British government • Most famous clash was at Moore’s Creek Bridge in North Carolina

31. Loyalist Strongholds in North America

32. Battle of Trenton • December 26, 1776 • Washington crosses the Delaware River and surprises Hessians • Moved to Princeton and won a victory there • Important to show that the Americans could take on the British

33. Washington Crossing the Delaware

34. Battle of Saratoga • October 17, 1777 • After a failed attempt to sever the Colonies through New York the British were defeated at Saratoga • Convinced the French to aid the Americans

35. Northern Campaign

36. Battle of Saratoga

37. British Southern Campaign 1780-1781

38. Yorktown • British forces led by Lord Cornwallis become surrounded by the French navy and combined French and American forces • Forced to surrender, effectively ending the war

39. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis

40. Treaty of Paris, 1783 • The United States was recognized as an independent nation by the major European powers, including Britain. • Its western boundary was set at the Mississippi River • Its southern boundary was set at 31 degrees north latitude ( the northern boundary of Florida)

41. Treaty of Paris, 1783 • Britain retained Canada but had to surrender Florida to Spain • Private British creditors would be free to collect any debts owed by citizens • Congress was to recommend that the states restore confiscated loyalist property.

43. Political Impact of the Revolution • Creation of a democratic Republic • New State constitutions • Separation of powers • Growth of American Nationalism • A new government (Articles of Confederation) • Courts, Taxation, army • Majority rules

44. Economic Impact of the Revolution • Mercantilism profits and losses gone. (Navigation Acts) • American manufacturing and industry stimulated • Inflation • Trade with foreign lands should increase

45. Economic Impact of the Revolution • Heavy tax burden to pay for war • Land redistribution • Post war depression (1783) • Westward Expansion resumes • Could no longer trade duty free with British Empire

46. Social Impact of the Revolution • Religious freedom increases, disestablished churches • Independence – Greater social freedom and opportunity, class distinction less important, Breakdown of deference • Changes in criminal codes, more humane • Slave trade abolished (1808), gradual emancipation began in northern states