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Spinal/Neck Trauma

Spinal/Neck Trauma. Basic Trauma Course. Mechanisms of Injury. Four different types of forces can be sustained leading to particular types of injuries: Hyperextension: rear-end crashes Hyperflexion: head-on crashes Rotational: “spinning” crashes Axial loading: diving. Spinal Shock.

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Spinal/Neck Trauma

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  1. Spinal/Neck Trauma Basic Trauma Course

  2. Mechanisms of Injury • Four different types of forces can be sustained leading to particular types of injuries: • Hyperextension: rear-end crashes • Hyperflexion: head-on crashes • Rotational: “spinning” crashes • Axial loading: diving

  3. Spinal Shock • Results in a temporary loss of motor, sensory, and reflex functions below the level of lesion. • Onset varies-can be immediate to weeks. • May present with flaccid paralysis and loss of bowel and bladder function.

  4. Vertebral Fracture • Cervical and Lumbar regions most frequently injured. • Due to anterior and posterior ligament injuries dislocations can occur simultaneously with fractures. • Vertebral stability depends on the integrity of the bones and ligaments. A stable fracture means there is: • No potential for progressive impingement of the cord • No potential for displacement of injured bony areas during the healing process

  5. Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury • Has preservation of motor or sensory function below the level of injury. • Sacral sparing • Signs and Symptoms demonstrated are different.

  6. Complete Spinal Cord Injury • Lose of all motor and sensory function below the level of the lesion with flaccid paralysis of the musculature. • Spinal Shock is the initial response.

  7. Neck Injury • MOI generally blunt trauma. • Assessment includes evaluation of integrity of cervical spine and the spinal cord. • Neck trauma can result in injuries to the airway structures, blood vessels, esophagus, and endocrine structures.

  8. Assessment • Inspect- Airway, Breathing, Motor Function, Priapism • Palpate-Pulse rate, Skin temp, Sensory Function, Vertebral column, anal sphincter, sacral sparing

  9. Treatment Modalities • Cervical Spine immobilization until cleared. • Full spinal immobilization until cleared by MD. • Suction cautiously. • IV Fluids • Vasopressors-Hypotension may be due to neurogenic shock instead of hypovolemia. • Maybe steroids. • Keep Warm. • Prepare for Transfer.

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