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INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d)

INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d). Causal pathways in health and disease A1 B1 A2 B2 C A3 B3 A4 Causal Factors Cellular/Biochemical/ Disease Physiologic changes Source: Bauman et al (2002). INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d).

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INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d)

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  1. INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d) • Causal pathways in health and disease A1 B1 A2 B2 C A3 B3 A4 Causal Factors Cellular/Biochemical/ Disease Physiologic changes Source: Bauman et al (2002)

  2. INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d) • Mediators, moderators, and confounders • Mediator or intervening causal variable is on the causal pathway between exposure to the intervention and program effects or outcomes • Moderator or effect modifier may vary the strength of the relationship between a program and the outcome • Confounder is a predictor of the outcome, but is also associated with exposure

  3. INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (cont’d) • Mediators, moderators, confounders (cont’d) M2 M3 Mediators (M) A M1 C Program Mediators Outcome Confounder (B) A C B Moderator (effect modifier) B1 A C Levels of moderator B2 A C B3 A C Source: Bauman et al (2002)

  4. NORTH CAROLINA AND PITT COUNTY HEALTH STATISTICS Source: NC Dept. of Health and Human Services/Center for Health Statistics (2007)

  5. NORTH CAROLINA AND PITT COUNTY HEALTH STATISTICS (cont’d) Source: NC Dept. of Health and Human Services/Center for Health Statistics (2007)

  6. NORTH CAROLINA AND PITT COUNTY HEALTH STATISTICS (cont’d) Source: NC Dept. of Health and Human Services/Center for Health Statistics (2007)

  7. NORTH CAROLINA AND PITT COUNTY HEALTH STATISTICS (cont’d) Source: NC Dept. of Health and Human Services/Center for Health Statistics (2007)

  8. NORTH CAROLINA AND PITT COUNTY HEALTH STATISTICS (cont’d)

  9. NORTH CAROLINA AND PITT COUNTY HEALTH STATISTICS (cont’d)

  10. HEALTH STATISTICS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT • Obesity and associated problems: • Diabetes • Cardiovascular Diseases • Orthopedic injuries Source: Koop (2006)

  11. HEALTH STATISTICS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (cont’d) Source:http://www.greenvillenc.gov/departments/community_development/information/default.aspx?id=1051

  12. HEALTH STATISTICS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (cont’d) City of Greenville - Planning Division The City of Greenville Planning Division serves as the administrative and technical coordinator for land development and zoning requests throughout the city's 65-square-mile planning jurisdiction... The division assists developers and general citizens in the submission, analysis, recommendation and approval of both citizen and administratively-initiated development proposals and plans. The Division includes a Zoning Compliance/Enforcement Section, a Site Plan Section, a Subdivision Section, an Annexation/Environmental Services Section, a Zoning/Land Use Section and a Geographic Information System (GIS) Section. In addition, the Division collects and interprets data related to future land use needs and prepares and maintains long range planning studies, including the Horizons Comprehensive Plan. Source:http://www.greenvillenc.gov/departments/community_development/information/default.aspx?id=1067

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