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Emotion

Michael Hoerger. Emotion. Emotion. Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s word for emotion, especially outwardly expressed emotion Preference for particular affects varies across people and situations Experts disagree on basic categories. Positive and Neutral Affects. + Interest + Enjoyment

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Emotion

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  1. Michael Hoerger Emotion

  2. Emotion • Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s word for emotion, especially outwardly expressed emotion • Preference for particular affects varies across people and situations • Experts disagree on basic categories

  3. Positive and Neutral Affects + Interest + Enjoyment • Surprise

  4. Negative Affect • Sadness • Fear • Anger • Shame • Disgust

  5. Shame • Shame: Feeling of one’s self as bad • Commonly misunderstood • Embarrassment: Shame in the presence of others • Guilt: Feeling that one’s actions are bad • Most important negative affect?

  6. When do we experience shame?

  7. Shame Clips Waiting Weatherman Billy Madison Tommy Boy Seinfeld Who Wants To Be A Millionaire National Anthem

  8. Universal Shame Activators • Looking in the mirror • Making mistakes • Strangers • Others’ shame • Success • Parents/authority • After becoming angry • Feeling needy/insecure

  9. Shame-binds • Due to behaviorist principles, we learn to associate emotions with various stimuli • For example, shame can become associated with other emotions, drives, or interpersonal needs

  10. Affect-shame Binds • Some people experience shame any time expressing certain (or all) affects • Anger-shame bind: “You don’t raise your voice at me” • Sadness-shame bind: “We don’t cry in this family” • Enjoyment-shame bind: “Wipe that smile off your face”

  11. Drive-Shame Binds • Shame can become attached to basic drives, such as hunger, sex, etc. • Shame associated with: • Sex, sexuality, sex before marriage, masturbation, eating, drinking, urinating

  12. Need-shame Binds • Shame can also be bound to interpersonal needs: • Relationships • Touching/holding • Identification • Differentiation • Being nurtured • Affirmation • Power

  13. Self-esteem • Low self-esteem: Shame bound to the key aspects of one’s identity • Shame bound to: • Personality traits, physical appearance, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, sexuality, occupation, income, past mistakes, activities

  14. Erikson & Shame • Trust vs. Mistrust • Autonomy vs. Shame • Initiative vs. Guilt • Industry vs. Inferiority • Identity vs. Role Confusion • Intimacy vs. Isolation • Generation vs. Stagnation • Ego Integrity vs. Despair

  15. Tools • Collecting Happiness: 5 things that made you smile or feel happy • Collecting Adequacy/Pride: 5 things that you accomplished or made you feel proud “Dynamics of Power: Fighting Shame and Building Self-Esteem” (1991) by Gershen Kaufman, $5 used on Amazon.com

  16. Michael Hoerger To cite this lecture: • Hoerger, M. (2007, January 31). Emotion and Developmental Psychology. Presented at a PSY 220 lecture at Central Michigan University.

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