Migration in times of climate change introduction to global patterns and definitions

1. Non-economic loss and damage How to deal with climate-induced displacement Side event, Bonn 17 Nov. 2017 Migration in timesofclimatechangeintroductionto global patternsanddefinitions Sophia WirschingBreadforthe World, Berlin

2. Topics On Definitions On Statistics Challenges

3. Who is an internallydisplacedperson? A person forced to flee his or her home but never cross an international border. IDPs seek safety anywhere they can find it—in nearby towns, schools, settlements, internal camps, even forests. IDPs include people displaced by environmental disasters. Unlike refugees, IDPs are not protected by international law or eligible to receive many types of aid because they are legally under the protection of their own government. Countries with some the largest internally displaced populations are Colombia, Iraq and South Sudan. UNHCR 2016

4. Who is an environmenallydisplacedperson? Persons who are displaced within their country of habitual residence or who have crossed an international border and for whom environmental degradation, deterioration or destruction is a major cause of their displacement, although not necessarily the sole one. The terms “environmental refugee” or “climate refugee” have no legal basis. workingdefinition! IOM, 2011

5. Who is an environmental migrant? workingdefinition ! An environmental migrant is a person who, predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive change in the environment that adversely affects his/her live, is obliged to leave his/her habitual homes, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who moves either within the country or abroad” Few countries have policies to promote migration as an adaptation strategy. Migration is not usually integrated into NAPs. Emphasis is more on limiting migration, rather than facilitating it. IOM, 2011

6. Statistics By the end of 2016, 65.6 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. The world’s forcibly displaced population includes: 22.5 million refugees in the world—the highest ever seen; 40.3 million internally displaced people 2.8 million asylum-seekers.

7. Climatechangeimpactstriggeringmigration

8. Refugeegeneratingandreceiving countries 2015 UNHCR World at War, June 2015 UNHCR Global Trends, 2016

9. Migration movementincreases Numbers ofpersonsliving in a foreigncountryformorethanoneyear (long-term migrants): 1965 75 mio. (2,5% ofworldpopulation) 1975 84 mio. 1985 105 mio. 1990 120 mio. 2000 175 mio. 2015244 mio. (3,2% ofworldpopulation) 2050 270-300 millionmigrants? Quellen: IOM, GCIM, UNFPA

10. Global Migration in theRegions Quelle: IOM, 2016

11. Refugeesand IDPs, 1993-2015 UNHCR Global Trends, 2016

12. Environmental andothermigrationObservations Global trend: more internal and international migration; mix ofeconomic, politicalandecologicreasonsformigration Increasingnumberofpeopleforcedtoleave Tendencytocontrolmigration (containmentofmigration) Ratherthanprotectingmigrantsanddisplacedpersons

13. Challenges • Lack of field-based empirical research on NELD that feeds into policy processes (especially the climate negotiations) and practice (risk management and adaptation) in the field of climate change and human mobility. • Need to enhance and protect livelihood resilience. Address social vulnerability and social resilience by acknowledging human mobility as adaptation facilitating it and preventing displacement as consequence of loss and damage, and climate justice. • UNFCCC WIM to relate to other global migration policy processes e.g. Sendai Framework for DRR, GCM, PDD