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NHD Stream Order Possibilities

NHD Stream Order Possibilities. Timothy R. Bondelid Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (919)485-7797; fax (919)485-7777 e-mail: timothy@rti.org. Stream Order. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 1. 3. Topics.

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NHD Stream Order Possibilities

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  1. NHD Stream Order Possibilities Timothy R. Bondelid Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (919)485-7797; fax (919)485-7777 e-mail: timothy@rti.org

  2. Stream Order 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 3

  3. Topics • The Three Main Characteristics of NHD (and all Reach Files) • Hydrologic Sequencing and Routing • Example of NHD Routing, Stream Orders, and Changing Network Density • “Hydrologic Equity” Example

  4. The Three Main Characteristics • A Common Numbering Scheme for All Surface Waters in the System • The Reach Number • A Map Representation of the Surface Water Features • A Tabular/Database Routing Network

  5. Tabular Routing “Engine” for Modeling • Invented by Bob Horn, USEPA Retired

  6. Stream Level 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

  7. Hydrologic Sequence 5 2 1 4 3 6 7 8 9

  8. Stream Order 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 3

  9. Stream Number 4 5 1 3 1 3 1 2 1

  10. ArcView Presentation NHD Example of the Tabular Routing for Stream Orders and Density

  11. Define the Network in Terms of Hydrologic Characteristics Example in ArcView (RF3) Using Mean Annual Flow Estimates “Hydrologic Equity”

  12. Summary • Stream Orders Can be Made With NHD • Stream Orders are “Sensitive” to the Density Issue • The NHD is a Very Flexible Network • The Full Richness of the Network Can Be Used for Varying Levels of Analysis, Display, and Modeling

  13. Thank You!

  14. Water Quality Management and Policy Modeling Tools using the National-Scale Reach File 3 (RF3) Hydrography Network Timothy R. Bondelid, Suzanne J. Unger, Randall C. Dodd, and Dario J. Dal Santo, Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (919)485-7797; fax (919)485-7777 e-mail: timothy@rti.org; sju@rti.org;rdodd@rti.org; dalsanto@rti.org

  15. The National Water Pollution Control Assessment Model (NWPCAM) • This Work Has Been Funded by The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Acknowledgements: • Dr. Mahesh Podar, Dr. John Powers, and Ms. Virginia Kibler in the U.S. EPA Office of Water • Dr. Charles Griffiths in the U.S. EPA National Center for Environmental Economics • Significant Others: • C. Robert Horn, Mary Jo Kealy, George Van Houtven, and Tayler Bingham

  16. Agenda • Overview of Approach • Major Challenges • Assessment Framework • Hydrologic Components • Example of Results • Conclusions

  17. Overview of Approach

  18. Major Challenges • Need to be Able to Evaluate Large-Scale Changes Due to Pollution Control Policies But: Water Quality is Generally a “Local” Issue • Need to Link to Economic Benefits • Addressing These Two Challenges Makes the System Unique

  19. The 18 Hydrologic Basins

  20. The 2100 HUC’s

  21. Subset of Reach File Version 1

  22. Hydrologic Region 7 with RF1

  23. Assessment Framework

  24. Reach Files and Modeling • Any Reach File Contains Three Elements: • A Standard, Unique Identifier for Each Surface Water Feature in the System • A Digital Map Representation of the Features • A Tabular Routing/Navigation “Engine” that is Powerful and Fast The Reach Files Have Been Used for Modeling Since 1982

  25. RF1 In Upper Potomac

  26. RF3 in Upper Potomac

  27. RF3Lite in Upper Potomac

  28. Hydrology: How Much Water? • Estimate Average Unit Runoff by HUC • Estimate Drainage Area for Each RF3 Reach • Route and Accumulate Drainage Areas and Flows Down RF3

  29. Average Annual Runoff • Use “Hydrologic Centroids” of HUC’s • Apply Distance-weighted Average of Annual Unit Runoff for USGS NCD Gages • Testing: • HUC-level Unit Runoff • Drainage Areas • Flows

  30. USGS Isopleths of Unit Runoff

  31. Calculated Unit Runoff By HUC

  32. Drainage Areas: Connecting Land Cover Database to RF3 Reaches

  33. USGS Drainage Areas Vs. RF3 Drainage Areas

  34. USGS Flows Vs. RF3 Flows

  35. How Deep, Wide, Fast?

  36. Basic Hydraulics • Assume Rectangular Channel • Manning’s “n” is a Function of “Sinuosity” of the Reach: • Sinuosity is the Reach Length/CFD • CFD = “Crow Fly Distance” • Reach “n” Increases as Sinousity Increases • Slopes Derived From RF1/DEM-based Data • Channel Widths From RF3 Geometry or Keup-derived Function for single-line streams

  37. RF3Lite: Open Water Widths and Sinuosities

  38. Single-Line Stream Widths (Keup): W = 5.27 * Q 0.459 Double-Wide Channel Widths from RF3 Geometry Depth: Manning’s Formula Assuming a Rectangular Channel Y0 = 0.79 * (Q * n /(W * (S0)0.5)0.6 Channel Widths and Depths

  39. The Whole Process

  40. Example: Two Scenarios on a Stretch of River

  41. Conclusion: NWPCAM is an Evolving System with Every Component Undergoing Enhancements

  42. Thank You!

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