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Towards a Global Tropical Ocean Moored Buoy Array for Climate

Towards a Global Tropical Ocean Moored Buoy Array for Climate. TAO Project Office Dongxiao Zhang Mike McPhaden NOAA/PMEL and JISAO/UW. JISAO 5-Year Review Seattle 19 April 2005. TAO System Overview. Major achievements and milestones.

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Towards a Global Tropical Ocean Moored Buoy Array for Climate

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  1. Towards a Global Tropical Ocean Moored Buoy Array for Climate TAO Project Office Dongxiao Zhang Mike McPhaden NOAA/PMEL and JISAO/UW JISAO 5-Year Review Seattle 19 April 2005

  2. TAO System Overview

  3. Major achievements and milestones • 1533 sea days on 8 ships (including Ka’immimoana and 5 foreign ships). • 500th NextGen ATLAS deployed on March 4, 2005. • TAO data return rate constantly over 92%. • collaborative researches (EPIC, ARM, TRMM, CO2 time series …)

  4. Major achievements and milestones • TAO web site “highly recommended to any interested in ENSO science.” EOS, 10 September, 2002. • Over 1.9 million hits each month. • Data display and delivery launched on 15 August 2000. • 51,534 data deliveries through our own web site. • 596,434 files delivered. • 219 scientific papers in refereed journals used TAO data over 5-years.

  5. Major achievements and milestones • MOU between France, Brazil, and US extended for 2 years (to 2006). • Southwest and Southeast extensions approved by PIRATA SSG in Dec 2004; Southwest extension is funded. • Use of PIRATA data by researchers and operational centers (e.g. ECMWF, Meteo-France, UKMO, etc) is increasing. • CLIVAR/OOPC review of PIRATA planned for Oct 2005 in Toulouse; results will provide basis for continuing array as permanent component of GOOS.

  6. Already deployed Major achievements and milestones • Draft strategy developed at first IOP meeting at Pune, India in Feb 2004. • Sustained multi-national effort envisioned in support of monsoon research and prediction. • Moorings already deployed by Japan (JAMSTEC), US (PMEL), India (NIO, NIOT).

  7. First Data fromIndian Ocean ATLAS MooringsDeployed22 October 2004

  8. The President’s FY06 Budget for NOAAClimate Observations and Services Challenges: Funding • “$3.2 million to expand the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array and the Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic into the Indian Ocean. This expansion will enhance NOAA's capability to accurately document the state of ocean climactic conditions and improve seasonal forecasting capability.” • (http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2386.htm) • Other activities covered by this funding: • Support the technological development of the next generation of moored buoys. • Add salinity sensors to the TAO array to improve seasonal-interannual forecasting. • Upgrades for 4 TAO and 3 PIRATA moorings to ocean reference station quality for satellite and model research • Providing 4 additional buoys for the PIRATA array in the hurricane-genesis region of the Atlantic Ocean for improved understanding of ocean-atmosphere interactions on hurricane development.

  9. Awards • Grace Hopper Government Technology Leadership Award, 2003. “Leadership in the innovative application of information technology that contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge and its application.” • NOAA Outstanding Paper Awards (4 from TAO over the past 5 years).

  10. PDO • Affects the climate of North America (Latif & Barnett, 1994; Cayan et al, 2001) • Affects Pacific marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle (Mantua et al, 1997; Hare & Mantua, 2000; Chavez et al, 2003; Peterson & Schwing, 2003) • Linked to decadal modulation of ENSO (Trenberth & Hurrell, 1997; Latif et al, 1997) Basin Scale Fluctuation of the Ocean- Atmosphere System http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo

  11. 7 Sv X 9°N 9°S X (Integrated over22.5-26.5 kg m-3) 14 Sv (1 Sverdrup=106 m3 s-1) Mean Circulation in Pycnocline (µf∂r/∂z) McPhaden & Zhang, Nature(2002)

  12. SST anomaly (9°N-9°S, 90°W-180°) Pycnocline Convergence

  13. Interior Convergence and Cold Tongue SST Anomaly Interior Convergence and SST Anomaly SST anomaly (9°N-9°S, 90°W-180°)

  14. Multi-Taper Spectrum of SST (9°N-9°S, 90°W-180°) 500 year PICTRL Spectrum CNRM MIROC-ME

  15. Multi-Taper Spectrum of SST (9°N-9°S, 90°W-180°) Spectrum ERSST: 1900-2004 MIROC-Hi: 1900-2000 MIROC-Me: 1850-2000 CNRM: 1860-1999

  16. Multi-Taper Spectrum of SST (9°N-9°S, 90°W-180°) Spectrum ERSST: 1900-2004 MIROC-Hi: 1900-2000 MIROC-Me: 500 year CNRM: 500 year

  17. Interior Convergence and Temperature Anomaly in the Pycnocline Interior Convergence and Temperature Variability (sq = 25 kg m-3) (2°N-2°S, 80°-120°W)

  18. Interior Ocean Pycnocline Transport Changes

  19. Correlation between STC and SST in MIROC-High Resolution STC and Global SST

  20. STC in all models Interior STC Transports in 9 Coupled Climate Models

  21. PC1s in all models Variability of Tropical Pacific SST (EOF1) in 9 Coupled Climate Models

  22. STCs and PC1s Correlation between Variability of STC and Tropical Pacific SST (EOF1) Observation GISS-AOM GISS-ER MIROC-Med. MRI UKMO CNRM CSIRO IAP MIROC-High

  23. Mean STCs Annual Mean STCs (Total and Interior) Observation CNRM CSIRO GISS-AOM MRI UKMO GISS-ER IAP MIROC-High MIROC-Med.

  24. PV and Data Distribution Potential Vorticity (sq = 25 kg m-3) CTD Casts to 900 m July 92-June 98 11,585 July 98-June 03 6,729

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