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What is the source of Nuclear Energy?

What is the source of Nuclear Energy?. Which sorts of nuclear transformations will yield energy?. Magic numbers of n, p – separately: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126, …. Mass (6,12)C =12.0… u or 12x931.5 MeV -------------------------------------------------------------

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What is the source of Nuclear Energy?

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  1. What is the source of Nuclear Energy? Which sorts of nuclear transformations will yield energy?

  2. Magic numbers of n, p – separately:2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126, …

  3. Mass (6,12)C =12.0… u or 12x931.5 MeV • ------------------------------------------------------------- • Mass (1,1) H (p+e) = 1.007825 u • Mass (0,1) n = 1.008665 u • Mass (1,2) D = 2.014102 u • Diff = 0.002388u = 2.224 Mev or 1.112 Mev/N • --------------------------------------------------------------- • 26 H +30 n is 56.46340 u • (26,56)Fe is 55.93494 u • Diff 0.52846 u = 492.26 MeV or • 8.79 Mev per N

  4. How the plot is made is previous slide. What does that shape mean? • Hypothesis: Nuclear force is strong but short range. It’s reach is the diameter of a nucleus a little to the left of the peak. • Useful fact: Nuclear density is constant – like apples in a box. The volume filled is the volume of the apples – they don’t compress when packed. The radius of a nucleus is r = 1.2 A^(1/3) f, (1 f =10^-15 m) • v=(4/3)pi r^3 or v=((4/3) 1.2)^3 A

  5. A r (f) element • 8 2.4 Lithium or Berylium • 27 3.6 Aluminum • 64 4.8 Zinc • 125 6.0 Antimony or Telurium • 216 7.2 Astatine (Lead is 208)

  6. n + (92,235)U  (56,141)Ba +(36,92)Kr + 3n • U 235.043915 u Ba 140.9139 u • n 1.008665 u Kr 91.8973 u • 3n 3.0260 u • Sum 236.052580 u 235.8372 u • Diff = 0.2154 u = 200.6 MeV • Fr dif = 0.000916 • 1 Kg (92,235)U loses 0.000916 Kg if all fission • Mc^2 = 0.000916 x (3e8)^2 = 8.247e13 J = 23 Mkwh. 1600 kwh/mo (my House) • 14,000 homes for 1 month

  7. How to make it happen? Use a neutron.

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