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0. Essential Background In Thermodynamics

0. Essential Background In Thermodynamics. The First Law The Second Law And The Entropy Thermodynamic Potentials The Third Law. 0.1. The First Law.  = inexact differential. state variables state space function of state equation of state extensive / intensive variables.

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0. Essential Background In Thermodynamics

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  1. 0. Essential Background In Thermodynamics • The First Law • The Second Law And The Entropy • Thermodynamic Potentials • The Third Law

  2. 0.1. The First Law  = inexact differential • state variables • state space • function of state • equation of state • extensive / intensive variables

  3. While E is a state function, neither is W nor Q. Energy changes of a conservative force are exact differentials is exact  F = F(x , y) such that

  4. ideal gas: f = effective DoF of each molecule For fixed N, Since Q is inexact

  5. depends on how T & V vary • Isothermal process ( T fixed ). • Isochoric process ( V fixed ). • Isobaric process ( P fixed ). • Adiabatic process ( Q fixed ). heat capacity ideal gas

  6. 0.2. The Second Law And The Entropy • Clausius Formulation • It is impossible for a cyclic engine to transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body continuously without producing other effects. • Kelvin Formulation • It is impossible for a cyclic engine to extract heat from a single reservoir to do work continuously without producing other effects.

  7. is an exact differential. Entropy: 1st law:

  8. 0.3. Thermodynamic Potentials

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