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Chapter 15 – Control Breaks

Chapter 15 – Control Breaks. System Concepts Control break Control field What its being sorted on Control total Produces this when a control break is encountered Multiple control breaks Major field Minor field Intermediate field Running versus rolling totals.

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Chapter 15 – Control Breaks

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  1. Chapter 15 – Control Breaks • System Concepts • Control break • Control field • What its being sorted on • Control total • Produces this when a control break is encountered • Multiple control breaks • Major field • Minor field • Intermediate field • Running versus rolling totals

  2. Figure 15.1 Transaction File. (The sales amount shows ASCII rather than EBCDIC Characters Acct Salesperson Sales Comm Location RegionNum Amount Pct 000069 BENWAY 023! 10 CHICAGO MIDWEST000100 HUMMER 010’ 05 CHICAGO MIDWEST000101 CLARK 1500 10 TRENTON NORTHEAST000104 CLARK 0500 03 TRENTON NORTHEAST100000 JOHNSON 030# 06 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST130101 CLARK 3200 20 TRENTON NORTHEAST203000 HAAS 8900 05 ST. LOUIS MIDWEST248545 JOHNSON 0345 14 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST277333 HAAS 009( 08 ST. LOUIS MIDWEST400000 JOHNSON 070) 08 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST444333 ADAMS 100% 01 NEW YORK NORTHEAST444444 FEGEN 0100 02 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST475365 HAAS 0333 05 ST. LOUIS MIDWEST476236 FEGEN 037& 03 ST. PETERSBURG NORTHEAST476530 BENWAY 023% 05 CHICAGO MIDWEST555555 FEGEN 0304 05 ST. PETERSBURG NORTHEAST555666 ADAMS 2003 20 NEW YORK NORTHEAST576235 CLARK 0100 03 TRENTON NORTHEAST583645 KARLSTROM 0145 04 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST649356 HUMMER 0345 05 CHICAGO MIDWEST694446 HUMMER 0904 10 CHICAGO MIDWEST700039 MARCUS 0932 10 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST750020 MARCUS 0305 05 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST800396 KARLSTROM 3030 09 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST878787 JOHNSON 1235 12 ST. PETERSBURG SOURHEAST987654 ADAMS 2005 10 NEW YORK NORTHEAST988888 BENWAY 0450 01 CHICAGO MIDWEST999340 BENWAY 0334 30 CHICAGO MIDWEST

  3. Figure 15.2 One-level Control Break 444333 ADAMS 100% 01555666 ADAMS 2003 20987654 ADAMS 2005 10000069 BENWAY 023! 10476530 BENWAY 023% 05988888 BENWAY 450 01999340 BENWAY 0334 30000101 CLARK 1500 10000104 CLARK 0500 03130101 CLARK 3200 20576235 CLARK 0100 03444444 FEGEN 0100 02476236 FEGEN 037& 03555555 FEGEN 0304 05203000 HAAS 8900 05277333 HAAS 009( 08475365 HAAS 0333 05000100 HUMMER 010’ 05649356 HUMMER 0345 05694446 HUMMER 0904 10100000 JOHNSON 030# 06248545 JOHNSON 0345 14400000 JOHNSON 070) 08878787 JOHNSON 1235 12583645 KARLSTROM 0145 04800396 KARLSTROM 3030 09700039 MARCUS 0932 10750020 MARCUS 0305 05 One-level control break One-level control break SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 3 SALESPERSON: CLARK ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION444333 1,005- 10- 555666 2,003 401 987654 2.005 201 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,003 $ 582 SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 2 SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION444333 1,005- 10- 555666 2,003 401 987654 2.005 201 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,003 $ 582 SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 1 SALESPERSON: ADAMS ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION444333 1,005- 10- 555666 2,003 401 987654 2.005 201 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,003 $ 582 (a) Sorted Data (by Salesperson) (b) Partial Output

  4. Figure 15.3 Two-level Control Break 583645 KARLSTROM 0145 04 BALTIMORE 800396 KARLSTROM 3030 09 BALTIMORE 700039 MARCUS 0932 10 BALTIMORE 750020 MARCUS 0305 05 BALTIMORE000069 BENWAY 023! 10 CHICAGO476530 BENWAY 023% 05 CHICAGO 988888 BENWAY 0450 01 CHICAGO 999340 BENWAY 0334 30 CHICAGO 000100 HUMMER 010’ 05 CHICAGO649356 HUMMER 0345 05 CHICAGO 694446 HUMMER 0904 10 CHICAGO 444333 ADAMS 100% 01 NEW YORK555666 ADAMS 2003 20 NEW YORK 987654 ADAMS 2005 10 NEW YORK 203000 HAAS 8900 05 ST. LOUIS277333 HAAS 009( 08 ST. LOUIS475365 HAAS 0333 05 ST. LOUIS 444444 FEGEN 0100 02 ST. PETERSBURG476236 FEGEN 037& 03 ST. PETERSBURG555555 FEGEN 0304 05 ST. PETERSBURG100000 JOHNSON 030# 06 ST. PETERSBURG248545 JOHNSON 0345 14 ST. PETERSBURG400000 JOHNSON 070) 08 ST. PETERSBURG878787 JOHNSON 1235 12 ST. PETERSBURG000101 CLARK 1500 10 TRENTON000104 CLARK 0500 03 TRENTON130101 CLARK 3200 20 TRENTON576235 CLARK 0100 03 TRENTON One-level control breaks (minor key) Two-level control break (major key) (a) Sorted Data (by Location and Salesperson)

  5. Figure 15.3 Two-level Control Break SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 3 LOCATION: NEW YORK SALESPERSON: ADAMS ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 583645 145 6 800396 3,030 273 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,175 $ 279 SALESPERSON: KARLSTROM ACCOUNT # SALES 583645 145 6 800396 3,030 273 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,175 $ 279 SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 2 LOCATION: CHICAGO SALESPERSON: KARLSTROM ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 583645 145 6 800396 3,030 273 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,175 $ 279 SALESPERSON: MARCUS ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 700039 932 93 7500020 305 15 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 1,237 $ 108 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 4,412 $ 387 SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 1 LOCATION: BALTIMORE SALESPERSON: KARLSTROM ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 583645 145 6 800396 3,030 273 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 3,175 $ 279 SALESPERSON: MARCUS ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 700039 932 93 7500020 305 15 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 1,237 $ 108 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 4,412 $ 387 (b) Partial Output

  6. Figure 15.4 Three-level Control Break 000069 BENWAY 023! 10 CHICAGO MIDWEST476530 BENWAY 023% 05 CHICAGO MIDWEST988888 BENWAY 0450 01 CHICAGO MIDWEST999340 BENWAY 0334 30 CHICAGO MIDWEST000100 HUMMER 010’ 05 CHICAGO MIDWEST649356 HUMMER 0345 05 CHICAGO MIDWEST694446 HUMMER 0904 10 CHICAGO MIDWEST203000 HAAS 8900 05 ST. LOUIS MIDWEST277333 HAAS 009( 08 ST. LOUIS MIDWEST475365 HAAS 0333 05 ST. LOUIS MIDWEST583645 KARLSTROM 0145 04 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST00396 KARLSTROM 3030 09 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST 700039 MARCUS 0932 10 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST750020 MARCUS 0305 05 BALTIMORE NORTHEAST444333 ADAMS 100% 01 NEW YORK NORTHEAST555666 ADAMS 2003 20 NEW YORK NORTHEAST 987654 ADAMS 2005 10 NEW YORK NORTHEAST000101 CLARK 1500 10 TRENTON NORTHEAST000104 CLARK 0500 03 TRENTON NORTHEAST130101 CLARK 3200 20 TRENTON NORTHEAST576235 CLARK 0100 03 TRENTON NORTHEAST444444 FEGEN 0100 02 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST476236 FEGEN 037& 03 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST555555 FEGEN 0304 05 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST100000 JOHNSON 030# 06 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST248545 JOHNSON 0345 14 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST400000 JOHNSON 070) 08 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST878787 JOHNSON 1235 12 ST. PETERSBURG SOUTHEAST One-level control breaks (tertiary key) Two-level control breaks (secondary key) Three-level control break (primary key) (a) Sorted Data (by Region, Location, and Salesperson)

  7. SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 3REGION: SOUTHEAST LOCATION: ST. PETERSBURG SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 000069 231- 23- 476530 235- 12- 988888 450 5 999340 334 100 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 318 $ 70 SALESPERSON: HUMMER ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 000100 107- 5- 649356 345 17 694446 904 90 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 1,142 $ 102 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 1,460 $ 172 LOCATION: ST. LOUIS SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 203000 8,900 445 277333 98- 8- 475365 333 17 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 9,135 $ 454 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 9,135 $ 454 ****** REGION TOTAL $ 10,595 $ 626 SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 2REGION: NORTHEAST LOCATION: BALTIMORE SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 000069 231- 23- 476530 235- 12- 988888 450 5 999340 334 100 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 318 $ 70 SALESPERSON: HUMMER ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 000100 107- 5- 649356 345 17 694446 904 90 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 1,142 $ 102 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 1,460 $ 172 LOCATION: ST. LOUIS SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 203000 8,900 445 277333 98- 8- 475365 333 17 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 9,135 $ 454 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 9,135 $ 454 ****** REGION TOTAL $ 10,595 $ 626\ SALES ACTIVITY REPORT PAGE 1REGION: MIDWEST LOCATION: CHICAGO SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 000069 231- 23- 476530 235- 12- 988888 450 5 999340 334 100 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 318 $ 70 SALESPERSON: HUMMER ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 000100 107- 5- 649356 345 17 694446 904 90 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 1,142 $ 102 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 1,460 $ 172 LOCATION: ST. LOUIS SALESPERSON: BENWAY ACCOUNT # SALES COMMISSION 203000 8,900 445 277333 98- 8- 475365 333 17 -------- ------- ** SALESPERSON TOTAL $ 9,135 $ 454 **** LOCATION TOTAL $ 9,135 $ 454 ****** REGION TOTAL $ 10,595 $ 626 (b) Partial Output

  8. Define the following • Control group • Control field • Control break

  9. What would happen if step 7 were deleted and the group totals were initialized to zero before step 5. • If step 15 were deleted, what step would have to be included in the inner loop and where would it go. • What changes would have to be made in the algorithm in order not to print any output except headings, group totals, and final totals?

  10. Assume that an input file contains 100 records. There are four control groups in the file. Referring the the previous control break algorithm how many times will each of the following steps be performed during processing. 1. Step 2 2. Step 6 3. Step 12 4. Step 14

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