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Research Methodology

CHP400: Community Health Program - lI. gy. What is Research ?. gy. Research Methodology. Research Methodology. What is Research ?. gy. Content. Definition of Research. Steps in conducting Research. gy. Research Objectives. Hypotheses. Title of the study. Take home message.

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Research Methodology

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  1. CHP400: Community Health Program - lI gy What is Research ? gy Research Methodology

  2. Research Methodology What is Research ? gy Content • Definition of Research • Steps in conducting Research gy • Research Objectives • Hypotheses • Title of the study • Take home message

  3. Research Methodology Definition of Research gy Research Re / search Research is the • systematic collection • analysis and • interpretation of data • to answer a certain question or solve a problem. gy

  4. Research Methodology Research requirements gy • demands clear statement of the problem • requires a plan • builds on existing data • should answer the original research question gy

  5. Research Methodology gy Steps in conducting Research Selection / statement of Research Problem Literature review 2 1 3 Formulation of Objectives Report Writing and Presentation 8 gy S t u d y P r o t o c o l Study Methodology 4 gy 7 Data Analysis 5 Proposal submission and approval Field Work 6

  6. Research Methodology Problems for Research gy Common Research Questions • Description of Health Problem • Magnitude of a health problem/disease • Distribution of the health problem in person, place and time • Identification of risk factors and causes gy

  7. Research Methodology Cont. gy • Effect of an intervention: Drug, vaccine, risk factor cessation, health education. • Evaluation of on-going interventions: Coverage of Target Groups, Quality, Cost, Effect/Impact… gy

  8. Research Methodology Research Objectives gy What are study objectives? The objectives of a research summarize what is to be achieved by the study. The objectives should be closely related to the statement of the problem.

  9. Research Objectives e.g..

  10. Research Methodology Research Objectives gy • General objective: states what is expected to be achieved by the study in general terms. • Specific objectives: It is possible (and advisable) to break down a general objective into smaller, logically connected parts. • Specific objectives should specify what you will do in your study ,where , and when . gy

  11. Research Methodology Research Objectives gy • The general objective“to identify the reasons for low utilization of child welfare clinics in District X over the years 1998 and 1999” • It could be broken down into smaller more specific objectives. gy

  12. Research Methodology Research Objectives gy Why should research objectives be developed? Formulation of objectives will help to: • Focus the study (narrowing it down to essentials); • Avoid collection of data that are not strictly necessary for understanding and solving the problem; and gy

  13. Research Methodology Characteristics of Good Objectives gy Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-Bound gy

  14. Research Methodology ResearchObjectives gy How should you state your objectives? Take care that the objectives of your study: • Cover the different aspects of the problem and its contributing factors in a coherent way and logical sequence; • Are clearly phrased in operational terms, specifying exactly what you are going to do, where, and for what purpose; gy

  15. Research Methodology Research Objectives. cont • Use action verbs that are specific enough to be evaluated. e.g.: to determine, to compare, to verify, to calculate, to describe, and to establish. • Avoid the use of vague non-action verbs, such as: to appreciate, to understand, or to study. gy gy

  16. Research Methodology Hypotheses gy A HYPOTHESIS is a prediction of a relationship between one or more factors and the problem under study, which can be tested. gy

  17. Research Methodology gy • Based on your experience with the study problem, it might be possible to develop explanations (formulate hypotheses) for the problem in addition to the study objectives. gy

  18. Research Methodology Hypotheses gy Eg. low utilization of child welfare clinics It would be possible to formulate and test the following hypotheses: 1. Utilization of child welfare clinics is lowest in the rainy season due to the high workload of mothers during that period. 2. Utilization of child welfare clinics is lowest in those clinics in which staff are poorly motivated to provide preventive services. gy

  19. Research Methodology Title of the study gy • The title should be in line with your general objective. • Make sure that it is specific enough to tell the reader what your study is about. gy NOT: “A study of utilization of child welfare clinics” BUT: “A study of the reasons for low utilization of child welfare clinics in District X”

  20. Research Methodology What is Research ? gy The Pontiac Story ! gy

  21. Research Methodology gy Take home message Research Objectives Research Objectives gy Research Objectives Research Objectives Research Objectives Research Objectives

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