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Digestive System

Digestive System. Medical Terminology. Structures Lips (cheil/o) Mouth (stomat/o0 Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o) Salivary glands Sublingual Submandibular Parotid Pharynx Esophagus Stomach (gastr/o) Small intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum (hip = ilium) Large intestine Cecum Ascending

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System Medical Terminology

  2. Structures • Lips (cheil/o) • Mouth (stomat/o0 • Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o) • Salivary glands • Sublingual • Submandibular • Parotid • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach (gastr/o) • Small intestine • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ileum (hip = ilium) • Large intestine • Cecum • Ascending • Transverse • Descending • Sigmoid • Rectum • Anus

  3. Structures • Liver (hepat/o) • Hepatic duct • Gallbladder • Cystic duct • Cholecyst/o • Chole = bile • Cyst = bladder • Common bile duct • Pancreas • Pancreatic duct

  4. Functions (physiology) All functions aided by “PERISTALSIS” • Ingestion • Digestion (pepsis) • Mechanical • Mouth • stomach • Chemical • Mouth • Stomach • Duodenum • Pancreas • Absorption • Jejunum • Ileum • Elimination

  5. Absorption • Key to rapidity & completeness: • Increase surface area • Rugae/ plicae • Villi • Microvilli

  6. System Terminology • Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis) • Gastr/o = stomach • Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy • Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis) • Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist) • Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer

  7. System Terminology • Obstructed bowel • Volvulus • Intussusception

  8. Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always located in the descending or sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis /diverticulitis • Diverticula • Diverticulosis • Diverticulitis

  9. Hernia (-cele) • Types of hernia • called hernias or –celes • umbilical hernia • umbilicocele • Strangulated (no blood) • Inguinal • Hiatal • In a hiatal hernia part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

  10. Gallbladder disease • Cholelithiasis • Choledocholithiasis • Cholecystitis

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