Simultaneous NIR / X-ray Measurements of Flares from Sgr A* in 2003 and 2004

1. SgrA*: Recent NIR/X-ray Measurements & the First Time-Resolved AO NIR Polarization Measurements26th Genaral Assembly of the IAUPrague , Czech Republic, August 14-25, 2006 Andreas Eckart I.Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln

2. X-Ray/NIR Variability Simultaneous NIR / X-ray Measurements of Flares from Sgr A* in 2003 and 2004

3. SgrA*: First Simultaneous K-band/X-ray Observations Chandra + NACO/VLT June 20, 2003 Eckart, Baganoff, Morris, Bautz, Brandt, Garmire, Genzel, Ott, Ricker, Straubmeier, Viehmann, Schödel, Bower, and Goldston 2004 A&A 427, 1

4. f2/I and f4/IV are dominated by a decaying flank; f3/III is domainated by a rising flare flank. Time lags are less <10-15 minutes NIR and X-ray flares are well correlated. Simultaneous Flare Emission ~225nJy 2004 ~6mJy Flare emission originates to within <10mas form the position of SgrA* 2003 data: Eckart, Baganoff, Morris, Bautz, Brandt, et al. 2004 A&A 427, 1 2004 data: Eckart, Morris, Baganoff, Bower, Marrone et al. 2006 A&A 450, 535 see also Yusef-Zadeh, et al. ApJ 644, 198

5. SSC model n at ~1 THz MIR/NIR synchr. cutoff n at or below NIR m 2 Sn n Table of Exemplary Models Radio: Zhao, Falcke, Bower, Aitken, et al. 1999-2003 X-ray: Baganoff et al. 2001, 2003, Goldwurm et al. 2003, Porquet et al. 2003, NIR: Genzel et al. 2003, Ghez et al. 2003, Eisenhauer et al. 2005, Gillessen et al. 2006 models: Markoff, Falcke, Liu, Melia, Narayan, Quataert, Yuan et al. 1999-2001

6. mm/sub-mm Monitoring in 2004 SMA Eckart, Baganoff, Morris, Bower, Marrone et al. 2006 A&A 427, 1 Indication for decaying flux density at 0.7 and 7 mm follwing an X-ray flare – consistent with adiabatic expansion VLA see also Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2006 ApJ astro/ph 0603685 upcoming talk by Mark Morris

7. QPOs in SgrA* Flare Emission 2003, 16 June A total of 5 flares shows significant sub-structure: sub-flares Meyer, Eckart, Schödel, Duschl, Muzic, Dovciak, Karas 2006a Genzel, Schödel, Ott et al. 2003, Nature 425, 934

8. QPOs in SgrA* Flare Emission Lomb-Scargle Periodogram 2003, 16 June bias corrected significance: 4.2 s red noise 5s 3s 2s 1s Power law fit following the mothode by Vaughan (2005) 18+-2 min Meyer, Eckart, Schödel, Duschl, Muzic, Dovciak, Karas 2006a

9. Polarized NIR Flares from SgrA* in 2004, 2005 and 2006 Eckart, Schödel, Meyer, Ott, Trippe, Genzel 2006 A&A, 455,1 Meyer, Eckart, Schödel, Duschl, Muzic, Dovciak, Karas 2006a Meyer, Schödel, Eckart, Karas, Dovciak, Duschl 2006b

10. NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* mean flux at 0 and 90 degree differential flux between 90 and 0 degree July 2005: VLT NACO Wollaston prism plus retarder wave-plate Eckart, Schödel, Meyer, Trippe, Ott, Genzel 2006, 455, 1

11. NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* 2004 VLT NACO Wollaston prism plus retarder wave-plate Eckart, Schödel, Meyer, Trippe, Ott, Genzel 2006, 455, 1

12. NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* 2005 0 90 VLT NACO Wollaston prism plus retarder wave-plate Eckart, Schödel, Meyer Trippe, Ott, Genzel 2006, 455, 1

13. NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* 2006 polarized sub-flares VLT NACO Wollaston prism plus retarder wave-plate Meyer, Schödel, Eckart, Karas, Dovciak, Duschl 2006b

14. 2005 NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* Lomb-Scargle Periodograms Signifiant excess power in the variability of SgrA* at 2005: 18+-3 min 2006: 15+-2 min 2006 no significant red noise Eckart, Schödel, Meyer,Trippe, Ott, Genzel 2006, 455, 1 Meyer, Schödel, Eckart, Karas, Dovciak, Duschl 2006b

15. A jet or wind emerging from SgrA* ? The central 0.5x0.5 square parsec at 3.8 mm. PA of E-vector with respect to prominent structures flare phase: 2004, 2005: 60+/-20 2006: 80+/-10 Eckart, Schödel, Meyer, Ott, Trippe, Genzel 2006 A&A, 455, 1 see also poster by K. Muzic: S238-140 and following talk by Rainer Schödel

16. Radiation from a Temporal Accretion Disk

17. NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* Dovciak, Karas & Yaqoob 2004, ApJS 153, 205 Dovciak et al. 2006 ~4min prograde ~30min static ~60min retrograde for 3.6x10**6Msol Goldston, Quataert & Igumenshchev 2005, ApJ 621, 785 see also Broderick & Loeb 2005 astro-ph/0509237 Broderick & Loeb 2005 astro-ph/0506433

18. Blandford , 2002 in Lighthouses of the Universe Hirose, Krolik, De Villiers, Hawley 2004, ApJ 606, 1083 Case I: E-vector perp. to disk Case II: toroidal B-field Meyer, Eckart, Schödel, Duschl, Muzic, Dovciak, Karas 2006a Dovciak, Karas & Yaqoob 2004, ApJS 153, 205 Eckart, Schödel, Meyer, Ott, Trippe, Genzel 2006 A&A, 455, 1 see also poster by L. Meyer: S238-135 NIR Polarized Flux Density from SgrA* What Magnetic Fields Can Do Hot Spot Model

19. Case II toroidal B-field / Case I E-vector perp. to disk Hot Spot Model Case I: i=70, a/M=0.998 f= 70 Case II: i=10, a/M=0.998 f=40 Spot close to 4.5 Rg Independent of inclination: The signature for a possible high spin value is persistent! Degree of polarization does not necessarily have to be explained by a ‚simple‘ hot spot model! Spot may have influence on the surrounding disk and polarize it. Meyer, Eckart, Schödel, Duschl, Muzic, Dovciak, Karas 2006a

20. Hot Spot Model E-vector perp. to disk i=58, a/M~1.0, f= 80 Spot close to 4.0 Rg Meyer, Schödel, Eckart, Karas, Dovciak, Duschl 2006b

21. Conclusion Simultaneous radio/NIR/X-ray and NIR polarization measurements are ideal tools to study the accretion onto SgrA* Inerferometric measurements in the radio and NIR/MIR combined with results from other wavelength domains are ideally suited for future investigations GRAVITY VLTI NIR/OPT Beam Combiner (Eisenhauer et al. 20006): MPE, Paris-Medoun, MPIA, Cologne INFRASTRUCTURE: MPE – STS3 Clogone – STS4 LBT LINC/NIRVANA LBT NIR/OPT Beam Combiner (Herbst et al. 2003): MPIA, Heidelberg Universitity of Cologne Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri MPIfR Bonn