Criteria for SUCCESS!!!

1. Criteria for SUCCESS!!! I will be able to: • Identify and describe the functions of the four layers of cells involved in growth at the epiphyseal plate. • List the steps in the process of bone reabsorption. • List the steps in the process of bone deposition. • List the steps in the process of appositional growth. • Identify 3 nutritional needs to maintain bone growth/maintenance. • List the effects of 4 hormones on bone growth. • Describe the causes and effects of two types of homeostatic imbalance disorders in bone.

2. Criteria for SUCCESS!!! • I can identify and label the bones in the skull • I can define process and foramen as they relate to the skull • I can identify and label the processes in the skull • I can identify and label the foramens in the skull

3. CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS • I can label the 4 curvatures in the vertebral column. • I can label the bones in the vertebral column, including the vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx. • I can describe the different types of vertebrae. • I can label the parts of a vertebrae.

4. Criteria for Success [ ] I can define an articulation. [ ] I can list three functions of an articulation. [ ] I can describe the difference between structural and functional classification. [ ] I can compare and contrast fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints and give an example of each. [ ] I can compare and contrast synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic and diarthrotic joints and give an example of each.

5. Catalyst 1. ________ joints are held together by collagen-rich dense connective tissue.  2. Most joints of the skeletal system are _________.  3. Fluid-filled sacs associated with synovial joints are______.  4. Joints are also called ____________________________. 5. Cartilaginous joints are connected by __________________.

6. Catalyst 1. Fibrous joints are held together by collagen-rich dense connective tissue.  2. Most joints of the skeletal system are synovial.  3. Fluid-filled sacs associated with synovial joints are bursae.  4. Joints are also called articulations. 5. Cartilaginous joints are connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage.

7. Catalyst 1. A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a _____ joint.  2. A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a _______________________________.  3. A suture is an example of a ______ joint.  4. The joint that separates two vertebrae is a(n) _______ that is _____________________.

8. Catalyst 1. A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a gomphosis joint. 2. A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a syndemosis.  3. A suture is an example of a fibrous joint.  4. The joint that separates two vertebrae is a(n) symphysis that is amphiarthrotic.

9. Catalyst 1.  Phalanges are ___________ and _______________ bones. 2.  The bones of the hand are the ____________________.   3. The_______________articulate with the manubrium. 4. The manubrium, body and xiphoid process make up the ________________________. 5. The ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae and costal cartilages make up the _________________.

10. Catalyst 1. Phalanges are finger and toe bones. 2. The bones of the hand are the metacarpals.   3. Theclaviclesarticulate with the manubrium.  4. The manubrium, body and xiphoid process make up the sternum. 5. The ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae and costal cartilages make up the thoracic cage.

11. Catalyst Why are incomplete, longitudinal fractures of bone shafts (greenstick fractures) more common in children than in adults?

12. Catalyst Why are incomplete, longitudinal fractures of bone shafts (greenstick fractures) more common in children than in adults? Children’s bones are more flexible and resilient than those of adults; thus they are less susceptible to complete fractures.

13. Homework How does the structure of a bone make it strong yet lightweight?

14. Homework How does the structure of a bone make it strong yet lightweight? Inorganic salts make the bone strong but the bone is lightweight because it has many spaces.

15. Homework Compare and contrast the development of intramembranous bone and endochondral bone. Intramembranous bones develop from sheetlike masses of connective tissue. Some of the primitive connective tissue cells enlarge and differentiate into osteoblasts. Spongy bone tissue is produced in all directions by these osteoblasts in the membrane. Eventually, the periosteum is developed by outside cells of the membrane of the developing bone. Endochondral bones develop of masses of hyaline cartilage with shapes similar to the future bone structures. These models grow rapidly for a while, and then begin to undergo extensive changes. The center of the diaphysis in long bones breaks down and disappears. At the same time, a periosteum forms from connective tissues that encircle the developing diaphysis. The primary ossification center is formed. Later on, the secondary ossification centers form and spongy bone forms from this.

16. Homework Explain how osteoclasts and osteoblasts regulate bone mass. Osteoclasts secrete an acid that dissolves the inorganic component of the calcified matrix, and their lysosomal enzymes digest the organic components. After the osteoclasts remove the matrix, bone building osteoblasts invade the regions and deposit bone tissue.

17. Catalyst 1.  Blood cell formation is called _____________. 2.  Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are  __________________.   3. The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin cellular layer called  _____________________.  4. The shoulder is part of the _________ girdle. 5. The pigmented molecule that carries oxygen in red blood cells is __________.

18. Catalyst 1. Blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. 2.  Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are osteoclasts.   3. The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin cellular layer called endosteum. 4. The shoulder is part of the pectoral girdle.  5. The pigmented molecule that carries oxygen in red blood cells is hemoglobin.

19. Catalyst 1. The adult skeleton consists of ____________ bones.  2. The tough, fibrous vascular tissue that encloses a long bone is the ______________________. 3. Blood cells are formed in the_____________________________. 4. Three of the functions of the skeleton are:

20. Catalyst 1. The adult skeleton consists of 206 bones.  2. The tough, fibrous vascular tissue that encloses a long bone is the periosteum. 3. Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow.  4. Three of the functions of the skeleton are: Maintains mineral homeostasis Stores minerals Protects internal organs Supports body Produces blood cells Provides attachment surfaces for muscles

21. Catalyst 1. The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin cellular layer called ________________________. 2. The tough, fibrous vascular tissue that encloses a long bone is the _____________________`. 3. Compact bone forms around a cylinder-shaped unit called an ______.  4 The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as  ______________. 5. Spongy bone is composed of __________ and __________________.

22. Catalyst 1. The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin cellular layer called endosteum. 2. The tough, fibrous vascular tissue that encloses a long bone is the periosteum. 3. Compact bone forms around a cylinder-shaped unit called an osteon.  4 The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as  short bones. 5. Spongy bone is composed of osteocytes and extracellular matrix.

23. Catalyst 1. Broad, flat bones are examples of ____________________ bones.  2.  Bone-forming cells are called ______________________.   3. Secretion of excess _______________ causes acromegaly.  4. The two divisions of the skeleton are called axial and __________________________________. 5. All bones are normally ossified at the age of ____________.

24. Catalyst 1.  Broad, flat bones are examples of intramembranous bones.   2. Bone-forming cells are called osteoblasts.  3. Secretion of excess growth hormonecauses acromegaly.  4. The two divisions of the skeleton are called axial and appendicular. 5. All bones are normally ossified at the age of 25.

25. Catalyst 1.  The forehead is formed by the_____________ bone. 2.  The _______________ makes up the lower jaw   3. The _____________ bone is the dagger shaped bone that makes up the inferior part of the nasal septum.  4. The side walls of the cranium are made up of the _______________ bones. 5. The _________________ bone is the lower back of the cranium.

26. Catalyst 1. The forehead is formed by thefrontal bone. 2.  The mandible makes up the lower jaw.   3. Thevomerbone is the dagger shaped bone that makes up the inferior part of the nasal septum.  4. The side walls of the cranium are made up of the parietal bones. 5. The occipital bone is the lower back of the cranium.

27. Vocabulary

28. Vocabulary