Exercise 6

1. Exercise 6 People like to be called by their names, and it’s good for business. Notice one particular thing about a person and link that thing with the person’s name. To stand up. A.) the visitor wasn’t in uniform. B.) The leader didn’t act like this was an interruption. It’s not the usual way to say good-bye. They have to learn to focus their attention consistently.

2. Review Session Unit 19 Adverb Clauses

3. Exercise 2 Whenever - time Even if – condition Because – reason By the time- time As soon as – time After – time Even though – contrast Only if – condition/ inversion Wherever – place

4. Exercise 3 As soon as the warm weather arrives – “picnics” Wherever a busy person travels – “suitcase”, “convenience” Anywhere you shop – buying an iPad When you want Even though you may already have – lists all the different things the person has If your loved one loves Even if it’s raining outside – condition

5. Exercise 4 As soon as -time Until –time Wherever – place If –condition Even though - contrast Unless –condition While –time

6. Exercise 5 When we turn to certain sports channels on TV, we see athletes at various venues, jumping, diving, somersaulting over dangerous landscapes, and otherwise contorting themselves. (Time) These athletes push themselves to dangerous and extreme levels because this category of sports is called, “extreme sports.” (reason) Although extreme sports are dangerous, they are becoming more and more popular among your people all over the world. (contrast – comma regardless) It is inevitable that something will go awry at one time or another as many people think extreme sports should not be encouraged.(reason)

7. Exercise 5 Even though extreme sports are not seen at the Olympic Games yet, there are twice-yearly competitive games showing extreme sports on some sports channels. (Contrast – comma regardless) These games are called “The X-Games” since “X” represents the word extreme. (reason) Since they first appeared on television in 1995, they have been increasingly popular. (time) There will be more and more participants in extreme sports wherever there are young people who want to compete in “real adventure.” (place)

8. Review Session Unit 20 Adverb and Adverbial Phrases

9. What is the difference between an adverb and an adverbial phrase? • Adverb phrase – has an adverb • Adverbs of time: • While they were driving, they saw the sunset. • While driving, they saw the sunset • Adverbial phrase – no adverb • Adverbs of reason: • Since the children were sleeping in the car, the parents were very quiet. • Sleeping in the car, the parents were very quiet. • Adverbs of time (occasionally): • While sitting on the porch/ Sitting on the porch, I drank some lemonade.

10. Exercise 2 After having rained – adverb of time/ adverb phrase While driving – adverb of time/ adverb phrase Hitting – adverb of reason/adverbial phrase Crashing – adverb of reason / adverbial phrase Stunned – passive / adverbial phrase Being dazed – adverb 0f reason/ adverbial phrase Being – adverb of reason / adverbial phrase Before realizing – adverb of time/ adverb phrase

11. Exercise 2 Having crashed – perfect tense/ having + past part. After acknowledging – adverb of time / adverb phrase Waiting – adverb of reason / adverbial phrase Having arrived – perfect tense / having + past part. Not having been – perfect tense/ having + past part. Since notifying – adverb of time / adverb phrase

12. Exercise 3 • People hope to lower their cholesterol level. They minimize their intake of animal fats. • Hoping to lower their cholesterol level, people minimize their intake of animal fats. • People know that fiber in the diet is excellent for digestion. They are consuming more fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole wheat products. • Knowing that fiber in the diet is excellent for digestion, people are consuming more fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole wheat products. • Heavy people know that they weigh too much. They diet to lose weight. • Knowing that they weigh too much, heavy people diet to lose weight.

13. Exercise 3 • Senior citizens don’t want to become decrepit. Many of them exercise regularly to avoid this. • Not wanting to become decrepit, many senior citizens exercise regularly to avoid this. • People were told that vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene greatly reduce cancer risk. They began buying these nutrients in large quantities. • Having been told/ Told that vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene greatly reduce cancer risk, people began buying these nutrients in large quantities. • People have known for a long time that too much salt and sugar is unhealthful. They buy a lot of salt-free and sugar-free products. • Having known for a long time that too much salt and sugar is unhealthful, people buy a lot of salt-free and sugar-free products.

14. Exercise 3 • People learned that using good sunglasses will protect their corneas. Many have bought good sunglasses. • Having learned / Upon learning that using good sunglasses will protect their corneas, many people have bought good sunglasses. • Some people believe that eating fish will raise their intelligence level. They eat a lot of fish. • Believing that eating fish will raise their intelligence level, some people eat a lot of fish. • People realize that they can contribute to their own good health. They eat much more knowledgably than they used to. • Realizing that they can contribute to their own good health, people eat much more knowledgably than they used to.

15. Exercise 4 C A B C A B B C A C A B