Family health risks and nursing intervention

1. Family health risks and nursing intervention Done by: MutazAbeda Mohammed Abu-Hdaib

2. Outline: .- Introduction - Definition of the family . - Function of the family . - Family health . - Determinants of family health . - Family risks . - Nursing role and intervention. - Summary. - Conclusion . - Evidence based practice . - References .

3. Objective: By the end of this seminar the student will be able to :- 1. Define the family concept . 2. Determine family health risk . 3. Discuss family health risk . 4. Recognize nursing role and interventions .

4. Introduction • The family is considered the "natural and fundamental" unit of society. • The health of one member affects the welfare of other members in the family. • Every family is unique and it is affected by every aspect of community life. • Community health nurses work with families as a unit .

5. Family definition • The family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household; interacting and communicating with each other in their respective social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister; and creating and maintaining a common culture (Burgess & Locke, 1953, pp. 7–8). • two or more people living together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption (Tillman & Nam, 2008).

6. Nurses work with family to: • To reduce the factors that damage health. • To enhance good health and well being.

7. Family function: • Socialization of family members. • economic stability. • care of dependent members. • emotional support for members. • satisfy social, intellectual, emotional and psychological needs of members. • Reproduction.

8. Family health • The World Health Organization (2008) defines health to include a person’s characteristics, behaviors, and physical, social, and economic environment. • Family health: is a dynamic changing state of wellbeing, which includes the biological, psychological, spiritual, sociological, and culture factors of individual members and the whole family system (Hanson, 2005).

9. FAMILY HEALTH CARE NURSING The process of providing for the health care needs of families that are within the scope of nursing practice. This nursing care can be aimed toward the family as context, the family as a whole, the family as a system or the family as a component of society.

10. levels of care: • level 1 Health Promotion • level 2 Early Detection • level 3 Direct/Care. • level 4 Rehabilitation.

11. Determinants of family health .- Living and working conditions - Physical environment. .- Psycho-social environment .- Education and economic factors .- health practices .- Cultural factors .- Gender

12. Family health risks Economic/ occupational Psychological Social Biological -Violence - Divorce - Low economic status . -Unemployment. - DM - HTN - Cancer - Suicide . - Drug abuse .

13. Diabetes mellitus • 347 million people worldwide have diabetes. • In 2004, an estimated 3.4 million people died from consequences of high fasting blood sugar. • More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. • WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030.

14. Hypertension • Worldwide, raised blood pressure is estimated to cause 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total of all deaths. • globally, the overall prevalence of raised blood pressure in adults aged 25 and over was around 40% in 2008.

15. Cancer • 8.2 million people worldwide died from cancer in 2012. • 60% of world’s total new annual cases occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South America . • 30%of cancers could be prevented .

16. Suicide • More people die by suicide than homicide. • every 17 minutes someone dies by suicide every 42 seconds someone attempts suicide. • More than 32,000 Americans commit suicide each year ,making it the 9th leading cause of death among adults and the 3rd leading cause of death among adolescents and children.

17. Drug abuse • Drug abuse is not just problem of individual. • Factors that contribute to drug abuse come from all levels. • From the individuals predisposition to addiction to the economy of their environment.

18. Violence is the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation .

19. Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy.

20. Family Nursing Process • Assessment of the family story: The nurse gathers data from a variety of sources to see the whole picture of the family experience. • Analysis of family story: The nurse clusters the data into meaningful patterns to see how the family is managing the health event. The family needs are prioritized using a Family Reasoning Web. • Design of a family plan of care: Together, the nurse and family determine the best plan of care for the family to manage the situation.

21. Family nursing process • Family intervention: the nurse and family implement the plan of care incorporating the most family-focused, cost-effective, and efficient interventions that assist the family to achieve the best possible outcomes. • Family evaluation: the nurse and family determine whether the outcomes are being reached, partially reached, or need to be redesigned. Is the care plan working well, does a new care plan need to be put into place, or does the nurse/family relationship need to end? • Nurse reflection: Nurses engage in critical, creative, and concurrent reflection about the family and their work with the family.

22. Assessment of the Family Story • Nurses filter data gathered in the story through different views or approaches, which affects how they think about the family as a whole and each individual family member. For example, a family who is faced with a new diagnosis of a chronic illness would have different needs than a family who is faced with a member dying of an end-stage chronic illness. • FAMILY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS: • family genogram • family ecomap • Both are short, easy instruments and processes that supply essential family data and engage the family in therapeutic conversation.

25. non-communicable diseasesprevention  Effective interventions include  : •  detect and treat individuals at high risk. • early treatment of manifest NCDs. •  interventions for prevention of recurrences in those with established disease.

26. INTERVENTIONS IN FAMILY NURSING • considers the community and cultural context of the group. • Family nursing is directed at families whose members are both healthy and ill. • offered in settings where individuals have physiologic or psychological problems. • The family system is influenced by any change in its members.

27. focuses on the strengths of individual family members and the family group to promote their mutual support and growth. • providing direct care. • removing barriers to needed services. • improving the capacity of the family to act on its own behalf and assume responsibility.

28. Family nursing role • HEALTH TEACHER : The family nurse teaches about family wellness, illness, relations, and parenting(giving instructions about diabetes to a newly diagnosed adolescent boy and his family members). • COORDINATOR, COLLABORATOR, AND LIAISON : The family nurse coordinates the care that families receive, collaborating with the family to plan care. For example, if a family member has been in a traumatic accident, the nurse would be a key person in helping families to access resources—from inpatient care, outpatient care, home health care, and social services to rehabilitation. The nurse may serve as the liaison among these services.

29. Family nursing role • FAMILY ADVOCATE : The family nurse advocates for families with whom he or she works; the nurse empowers family members to speak with their own voice, or the nurse speaks out for the family. An example is the nurse who is advocating for family safety by supporting legislation that requires wearing seat belts in motor vehicles. • COUNSELOR : The family nurse plays a therapeutic role in helping individuals and families solve problems or change behavior. An example from the mental health arena is a family that requires help with coping with a long-term chronic condition, such as when a family member has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.

31. Conclusion Finally family risk are wide title , as a nurse remember that we can at least help to pass safely through these risks . We got achievement under the functional framework of holistic care and family health nurse of four levels of care . We are familiar with health care concept including health promotion, early detection, direct and care, and rehabilitation. We can rather see the line of care and degree of illness.

32. Evidence based practice Implementation of health risk assessments with family health history: barriers and benefits R Ryanne Wu,1 Lori A Orlando2 • Post grad Med J 2015 91: 508-513 originally published online August 12,2015

33. ABSTRACT Health risk assessments provide an opportunity to emphasise health promotion and disease prevention for individuals and populations at large. A key component of health risk assessments is the detailed collection of family health history information. This information is helpful in determining risk both for common chronic conditions and more rare diseases as well. While the concept of health risk assessments has been around since the Framingham Heart Study was launched in the 1950s, and such assessments are commonly performed in the workplace today, the US healthcare system has been slow to embrace them and the emphasis on prevention that they represent. Before wider implementation of health risk assessments within healthcare can be seen, several concerns must be addressed: (1) provider impact, (2) patient impact, (3) validity of patient-entered data and (4) health outcomes effect. Here, we describe recent developments in health risk assessment design that are helping to address these issues.

34. References 1. www.who.org 2. www.cdc.org 3. Shirley May Harmon Hanson. Family Health Care Nursing, 4nd ed. Philadelphia: F.A Davia Publishers; 2001.p. 4-34. 4. www.googlescolar.jo 5. Wu RR, Orlando LA. Postgrad Med J 2015;91:508–513.