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Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nRTIs)

Explore key mutations in HIV genes associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs. Learn about nucleoside & nonnucleoside inhibitors, protease inhibitors, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and more. Access user notes and updates. Stay informed!

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Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nRTIs)

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  1. Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated With Resistance to Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nRTIs) 69 Insertion Complex (affects all nRTIs currently approved by the US FDA) Multi-nRTI Resistance 151 Complex (affects all nRTIs currently approved by the US FDA except tenofovir) Multi-nRTI Resistance Thymidine Analogue-Associated Mutations (TAMs; affect all nRTIs currently approved by the US FDA other than emtricitabine and lamivudine) Multi-nRTI Resistance

  2. Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated With Resistance to Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (cont’d) Abacavir Didanosine Emtricitabine Lamivudine Stavudine Tenofovir Zidovudine

  3. Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated With Resistance to Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (cont’d) Nonnucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) Efavirenz Etravirine Nevirapine Rilpivirine

  4. Mutations in the Protease Gene Associated With Resistance to Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir +/-ritonavir Darunavir/ritonavir Fosamprenavir/ritonavir Indinavir/ritonavir Lopinavir/ritonavir

  5. Mutations in the Protease Gene Associated With Resistance to Protease Inhibitors (cont’d) Nelfinavir Saquinavir/ritonavir Tipranavir/ritonavir

  6. Mutations in the Envelope Gene Associated With Resistance to Entry Inhibitors Enfuvirtide Maraviroc User Notes available at www.iasusa.org

  7. Mutations in the Integrase Gene Associated With Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Dolutegravir Elvitegravir Raltegravir

  8. IAS–USA Drug Resistance Mutations Group 2017 Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Annemarie M. Wensing, MD, PhD; Vincent Calvez, MD, PhD; Huldrych F. Günthard, MD; Victoria A. Johnson, MD; Roger Paredes, MD, PhD; Deenan Pillay, MD, PhD; Robert W. Shafer, MD; Douglas D. Richman, MD Top Antivir Med. 24(4). Updates available at www.iasusa.org. IAS–USA is a not-for-profit, HIV clinical specialist–education organization. It is entirely different from and not affiliated with the International AIDS Society.

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