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Sustainable Basin Management in Sibalom Watershed, Philippines

This case study focuses on the state of natural resources in the Sibalom watershed, revealing key environmental issues and stakeholder needs. By outlining goals, objectives, financial aspects, and responsible institutions, the plan seeks to address deforestation, erosion, water quality, and stakeholder involvement to achieve sustainable basin management. Priority issues, scenarios, and a detailed action plan for short and long-term measures are outlined, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and stakeholder cooperation.

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Sustainable Basin Management in Sibalom Watershed, Philippines

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  1. Basin management plan Case Sibalom watershed, Philippines Marion Hermus Cornelia Rudolph Lennart Swinkels

  2. Description • State of basin natural resources • 18% of the original primary forests left (1999) • Water intensively used • Mineral rich area • Trends: Environmental degradation • Deforestation of rain forests and mangroves • Erosion and sedimentation • Floods and droughts • More extreme precipitation • Monitoring • No sign of basin management plans • No monitoring programs

  3. Inventories • Land use • 80% cultivated land (mostly grassland, secondary forest, 1992) • Ecosystems • Tropical climate • 85% mountainous, 15% lowland • Water availability and demands • Seasonal dependancy and availability • 942 Mm³ runoff yearly • Pollution sources • minimal fertilizer use and only on terraced fields • No optimal information basis, more research/monitoring needed

  4. Assessment • Ecosystem needs • Erosion • Sedimentation • Water allocation • Vulnerability • Sedimentation problems at corral reefs • Groundwater refill • Rain and groundwater availability • Implications of changing land use • Change in land use is necessary • Overview of current land use needed • Overview of possible types of land use, more suitable, economical suitable • Spatial planning

  5. Stakeholders • Stakeholders • Inhabitants • 135 Barangays • 7 Municipalities • DENR • NGO’s (WWF) • Stakeholder needs • Housing, fuel wood, agricultural goods, etc. • Preserve political structure/organisation • Overview of needs and interests of other stakeholders • Mechanisms for participation • Gather information about current ways of participation; current democratic structure; • Create awareness among inhabitants, GO’s and NGO’s by informing and communication • Communicate with the leaders of barangays and municipalities

  6. Priority issues • Get to know the ecological, social and economical system • Approach stakeholders, researchers, GO’s, NGO’s • Investigate lacking data • Start awareness process with local inhabitants and stakeholders

  7. Goals • Short-term • Bring back forest cover on critical sites • Protect nature reserves by enforcing of existing rules and developing new rules • Long-term • Extend natural bio-dynamics • Erosion • Groundwater • Enhance the activities stability (sustainable economy) • Mitigate vulnerability to drought and flooding

  8. Objectives • Water quality • Fertilizers • No exceeding of the carying capacity • Silt, floating matter • Coral • Decrease erosion processes • Water allocation • Fair distribution between nature and agriculture • Come up with and implement innovative solutions for water usage

  9. Benefit shares • Compromises between stakeholders • National, regional and local • Win-win situation between nature and socio-economy • Using natural resources in a sustainable way • E.g. Forestry; • More nature, less floods and erosion

  10. Scenarios • Scenarios • Autonamous • Worst case • Implement short term measures • Implement long term measures • Best case • Use • Awareness • Financial picture • Vision

  11. Plans • Create a Basin Management Organization • Legal power to implement measures/plans • Enforcement ability • Start with priority issues • Getting to know the system, collecting information • Stakeholder involvement • Short term measures • Long term measures

  12. Financing • International funding • WWF (nature) • World Bank (socio-economic) etc. • Development funding/aids • German technical cooperation (GTZ) etc. • National government • Local government • Taxes and fees

  13. Responsibilities • Institutions involved • International and national policies and laws • Basin Management Organization • Municipal governments • Local Barangays • Local inhabitants • Guideline schedule • Gather information and talk to stakeholders: 1st year • Make detailed basin action plan: 1st and 2nd year • Work on short term measures: 1st till 3rd year • Work on long term measures: 3rd to 5th year

  14. Monitoring • Monitoring of the adherence of laws, rules • Especially illegal logging • Monitoring of water quality and quantity • Flood early warning systems

  15. Assignment 2 • Assumptions • 10 million m³ per river • 400 m wide • 1 meter depth: 25 km of river • 2 meter depth: 12,5 km of river • 3 meter depth: 8,3 km of river

  16. Possible implications • Disturbed ecosystem in the riverbed and surroundings of the river • More drainage of the surrounding land • Groundwater flows might change • Erosion patterns will change (less coarse material) • Less floodings • Periodically disturbance traffic along the river, more noise from excavation activities

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