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(Semi-) Continuous Measurement Techniques for Reactive Aerosol Components and Gases

(Semi-) Continuous Measurement Techniques for Reactive Aerosol Components and Gases. Eiko Nemitz Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, U.K. Manual Daily Denuder / Filter Pack speciation samplers with automated samplers (URG, R & P Speciation Sampler)

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(Semi-) Continuous Measurement Techniques for Reactive Aerosol Components and Gases

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  1. (Semi-) Continuous Measurement Techniques for Reactive Aerosol Components and Gases Eiko Nemitz Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, U.K.

  2. Manual Daily Denuder / Filter Pack speciation samplers with automated samplers (URG, R & P Speciation Sampler) Semi-continuous Measurement (time resolution 1 hr or better) Furnace/vapouriser & gas monitor Wet chemistry based Aerosol mass spectrometry Overview of level 2 & 3 measurement techniques

  3. High time resolution Source apportionment Validation of transport in models Low detection limit No need for sample handling  minimises contamination, maximises sensitivity Size-resolution Health impacts Climate impacts Reasons for Automated Semi-Continuous Measurements

  4. Suited to ambient monitoring Artefact free separation of gas and aerosol phase Avoid loss of (semi-)volatiles, e.g. NH4NO3 Reasonable cost (purchase & operation) Cover full range of compounds? Key Challenges

  5. a) Suitable to PM2.5 only; b) non-refractory component of PM1 only

  6. Kenneth T. Whitby Award (Outstanding Technical Contribution to Aerosol Science by Young Scientist): Rodney Weber, Georgia Tech, for the development of the Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS) Benjamin Y.H. Liu Award (Outstanding Contribution to Aerosol Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques that Have Significantly Advanced the Science and Technology of Aerosols): Douglas Worsnop and John Jayne, Aerodyne Research Inc, for the development of the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) Award Winners at the 2005 Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Atlanta

  7. ECN GRAEGOR System: Denuder & Steam Jet Aerosol Collector

  8. MARGA Denuder & Steam Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC)

  9. MARGA Performance Parameters (1-hour sampling)

  10. GRAEGOR Example Time Series Trebs et al., 2004; Amazonia

  11. Use of SJAC to measure NO3- size-distribution without evaporation losses ten Brink et al., 2004

  12. Use for water-soluble organic carbon (already demonstrated in European intercomparison) Extension to black carbon (as colloidal solution) Use in the National Climate Research Programme (Meteo-tower Cabauw, NL11) (hopefully becoming supersite) From start: major ions From year 2: BC From year 3: OC ECN plans

  13. Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) Particle Particle Beam Aerodynamic Sizing Composition Generation Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Chopper Thermal Vaporization & Electron Impact Ionization TOF Region Aerodynamic Lens (2 Torr) Turbo Pump Turbo Pump TurboPump Particle Inlet (1 atm) Jayne et al., Aerosol Science and Technology 33:1-2(49-70), 2000.

  14. Example AMS Time Series

  15. AMS Lens Transmission Vacuum aerodynamic diameter: Dva = Darp Liu et al., 2004

  16. The AMS Continues to Improve

  17. Comparison of continuous measurement techniques – SO42- Jimenez et al., 2002; Atlanta Supersite 1999

  18. Comparison of continuous measurement techniques – NO3- Jimenez et al., 2002; Atlanta Supersite 1999

  19. More recent intercomparison: SO42- Drewnick et al., 2003: PM2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study—New York (PMTACS-NY)

  20. Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Advantages / Disadvantages • Currently semi-quantitative • Non-refractory only (e.g. no NaCl, NaNO3-) • Limited size-range (50-800 nm) future: 0.3-3 mm • Size-distribution • Price • Reliable • Fast • Size-distribution • Including OC • Sensitive • IC Based System (MARGA / GRAEGOR / PILS) • Labour intensive to run • Full size-range • Size-distribution • Including gases • Sensitive • Time resolution limited (30 or 60 min) • No size information • Price • Requires affinity / expertise with wet chemistry (labour intensive)

  21. GRAEGOR: MARGA gradient analyser Calculation of fluxes with the Aerodynamic Gradient Method Use of common detector (IC, membrane) to achieve precision of < 3%. AMS: 10 Hz mode recently implemented for eddy-covariance flux measurements Application for flux measurements

  22. SEARCH TRN Diagram

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