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Semi Colon

Semi Colon. “The writer who neglects punctuation, or mispunctuates, is liable to be misunderstood.” ~Edgar Allan Poe. M. Agenda. What is a semicolon? Conditions it is used under 1. Join two independent clauses without linking words

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Semi Colon

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  1. Semi Colon “The writer who neglects punctuation, or mispunctuates, is liable to be misunderstood.” ~Edgar Allan Poe

  2. M Agenda • What is a semicolon? • Conditions it is used under 1. Join two independent clauses without linking words 2. Two independent clauses with a comma and conjunctive adverb 3. Separate items in acomma-laden list 4. Link lengthy independent clauses that include commas • Group Activity

  3. R What is a semicolon? • Punctuation mark with more than one use • Indicates pause in speech or reading • Sometimes used to replace full stop • Looks like this;

  4. B When is it used? • To join two closely related independent clauses without any connecting terms • To join two independent clauses with a comma and conjunctive adverb • Used to divide items in a comma-laden list • Link lengthy independent clauses that include commas

  5. M When is it Used?

  6. 1. Independent Clauses • Join two independent clauses • Both of the clauses must share a direct and logical connection • Second clause should restate or emphasize the first clause in some way

  7. Format • IC ; IC. George made a new friend. Her name was Georgina. • George made a new friend; her name was Georgina. • Two Independent Clauses are effectively combined

  8. What is an Independent Clause? • Contains a subject and a predicate (verb) • Example: Mary works out everyday. Subject: Mary Predicate: Works

  9. What Happens When Detail is Added? • Mary works out everyday. She wants to join the army. • When the writer wants to show a logical connection between the clauses they can use a ; • Comma • Period • Semicolon

  10. Why use a Semicolon? • Using a period would make the sentence too “choppy” • Using a comma: Mary works out everyday, she wants to join the army. • Results in comma splice

  11. Joining Two Independent Clauses • Mary works out everyday; she wants to join the army. • Bond between two clauses is shown • Clauses must be in relation or in contrast to each other • Each clause should be able to stand alone or be punctuated with a period

  12. Be Careful! • I had four plates of cheesy, delectable lasagna last night. Alligator skin is used to make purses. • Two independent clauses but not related • Semicolon would be inappropriate here

  13. Examples • The car screeched to a stop at the school; the tires slid on the asphalt • My dad drove the car really fast this morning; he didn’t want me to be late for school. • Pause between the two statements was eliminated without using periods or words like and, but etc. • Its proper use because these independent clauses don’t depend on each other but are related

  14. Your turn! • Make a sentence joining two independent clauses with a semicolon

  15. R When is it Used?

  16. 2. Independent Clauses & Commas • Use a semicolon when joining two independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb • Before a conjunctive adverb or a parenthetical expression that joins the clauses of a compound sentence • Smoother transition than just using semicolon

  17. Format • IC ; ca, IC. George made a new friend. Her name was Georgina. • George made a new friend; furthermore, her name was Georgina. • Two Independent Clauses are effectively combined

  18. What is a Compound Sentence? • A sentence with more than one subject or predicate • Example: Dora went exploring in the mountains, but she got hurt. • Joined with coordinating conjunction and a comma OR • Dora went exploring in the mountains; she got hurt. • Joined with semicolon

  19. Why Use a Semicolon? • They wanted to pick blueberries as a snack, however, a bear growled at them from the berry patch. • This is wrong because this is a comma splice and a run on sentence • They wanted to pick blueberries as a snack; however, a bear growled at them from the berry patch. • This is correct.

  20. When to Use? • When two independent clauses are joined with more than one comma (internal punctuation) • Semi Colon, Conjunctive Adverb and Comma used to bridge gap

  21. How to Use? • Semicolon links two main clauses • Comma used after conjunctive adverb to offset first clause

  22. Conjunctive Adverb

  23. Example Dora went exploring in the mountains, but she got hurt. Dora went exploring in the mountains; she got hurt. • Direct connection is not easily “visible” • Dora went exploring in the mountains; consequently, she got hurt.

  24. Your turn! • Write a sentence using a conjunctive adverb and a semicolon.

  25. B When is it Used?

  26. 3. Divide items in a Complex List • Used to separate items in a complex series • Excess commas that may confuse readers • Need to separate items in a list that already contain conjunctive adverbs and commas

  27. Commas Used to Divide Items I have been to London, Paris and Africa. I ate chicken wings, pasta and pizza this weekend. • This is correct. Comma used to separate list items.

  28. Commas Used to Divide Items This week's winners are Bob from London, Ontario, Carla from Phoenix, Arizona, and Max from Victoria, British Columbia • This is incorrect because too many commas are used that ineffectively separate the items

  29. Divide Items in Complex List I have been to South Africa, Namibia and Zambia in the South; India and China in the East; and Canada and America in the West. Semicolon used because commas would confuse readers • List items are therefore successfully separated

  30. Examples One Direction’s members are Zayn Malik, Louis Tomlinson, Harry Styles and Liam Payne from the United Kingdom; Niall Horan from Westmeath, Ireland.

  31. Your Turn! • Create a sentence using a semi colon in a complex list

  32. M When is it Used?

  33. M 4. Join Independent Clauses • Long sentence with multiple independent clauses use semicolon • This is to make the separation between clauses more clear

  34. B How to Use a Semicolon? • If you want me to do the dishes, you need to give me an allowance;and if you say no, I'll know that you don't really care about getting the chores done. • Each half of sentence has a conditional clause so it is okay to use coordinating conjunction and semicolon together.

  35. Conditional Clause R • Future event which is dependent on another future event Example: • If you eat too much, you'll get fatter. • If everyone works fast, we'll finish in time.

  36. R Conjunctive Adverb

  37. M Examples • If I get good grades, my parents will buy me an iPod; but if I don’t, then they will ground me. • Getting to visit Paris would be amazing, if my parents take me; but if I can’t go, I will be very upset.

  38. M Your Turn! • Make a sentence joining Independent Clause’s with a semicolon and conjunctive adverb.

  39. B Notes • Alower caseletter follows the semicolon, nota capital letter • When semicolonis used with parentheses orquotation marks , the semicolon shouldbe outside the parentheses or quotation marks • Commas cannot be used to join sentences like the ones shown • Periods can be used but make the sentence appear “choppy”

  40. B Semicolons and Coordinating Conjunctions • Are only used together when complex clauses are joined (#4) • Never used to join two independent clauses alone

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