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AP Biology

This article discusses the structure of the cell membrane, including the role of amphipathic phospholipids and proteins. It also explores various functions of membrane proteins and the importance of cholesterol in the fluid mosaic model. Additionally, it covers the surface area to volume ratio, as well as the structures and functions of the digestive tract and excretory system.

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AP Biology

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  1. AP Biology Cell Membrane Structure & Molecule Transport Part 1

  2. Cell Membrane

  3. AmphipathicPhospholipids WATER Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail WATER

  4. Hydrophilic region of protein AmphipathicProteins Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic region of protein

  5. Cell Membrane

  6. Signal Enzymes Membrane Protein Functions Receptor ATP Enzymatic activity Transport Signal transduction

  7. Membrane Protein Functions Glyco- protein Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extra- cellular matrix (ECM) Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining

  8. Cholesterol of the Membrane

  9. Fluid Mosaic Model and Phospholipids Lateral movement (~107 times per second) Flip-flop (~ once per month) Movement of phospholipids

  10. Surface Area vs. Volume

  11. Surface Area of the lungs (alveoli)

  12. Digestive Tract Small Intestine averages 23 feet.

  13. Key Nutrient absorption Vein carrying blood to hepatic portal vessel Microvilli (brush border) Villi and Microvilli on the interior of the small intestine Blood capillaries Epithelial cells Muscle layers Epithelial cells Large circular folds Lacteal Villi Lymph vessel Villi Intestinal wall

  14. Excretory Structures

  15. Nitrogenous Waste filtering

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