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INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Bond Stretching. High Frequency Stretching Low Frequency Bending. Frequency of Absorption Measured in cm -1 (Wavenumbers). High Frequency to Low Frequency. General Trends:

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INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

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  1. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

  2. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  3. Bond Stretching

  4. High Frequency StretchingLow Frequency Bending

  5. Frequency of Absorption Measured in cm-1 (Wavenumbers)

  6. High Frequency to Low Frequency

  7. General Trends: i)Stretching frequencies are higher than corresponding bending frequencies.(It is easier to bend a bond than to stretch or compress it.)ii)Bonds to hydrogen have higher stretching frequencies than those to heavier atoms.iii)Triple bonds have higher stretching frequencies than corresponding double bonds, which in turn have higher frequencies than single bonds. (Except for bonds to hydrogen).

  8. IR Spectrum of Octane

  9. Decane

  10. 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

  11. Hybridization of Carbon Affects n of Absorption

  12. Hexane and Hexene

  13. 1-Pentene

  14. 1-Dodecene

  15. 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (Isoprene)

  16. Terminal Alkynes are Readily Identifiable with IR

  17. 1-Heptyne

  18. Aromatics • C-H str (sp2) at 3050-3100 cm-1 • C-C str (breathing) 1600 & 1500 cm-1

  19. Toluene

  20. o-Xylene

  21. AlcoholsO-H str at 3600-3200 cm-1C-O str at 1050-1150 cm-1

  22. Cyclohexanol

  23. O-H Stretch

  24. 2-Methyl-1-butanol

  25. Benzyl alcohol

  26. 1o Amines

  27. 2-Methylpentanediamine

  28. 2o Amine

  29. Dipropylamine

  30. Carbonyl Compounds

  31. Acetone

  32. Cycloheptanone

  33. Acetophenone

  34. Conjugation Lowers n of Absorption

  35. Ketone and Aldehyde

  36. Octanal

  37. Carboxylic Acid

  38. Hexanoic Acid

  39. Phenyl Acetate, an Ester

  40. Ethyl Butanoate

  41. Methyl Benzoate

  42. Benzoic Anhydride, an Acid Anhydride

  43. Butanamide, an Amide

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