1 / 18

Properties and Concentrations of Solutions: Solvent, Solute, and Colligative Properties

This chapter explores the properties of solutions, including solvent and solute, saturated and unsaturated solutions, factors affecting solubility, concentrations of solutions, and colligative properties such as boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression.

kmincy
Download Presentation

Properties and Concentrations of Solutions: Solvent, Solute, and Colligative Properties

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 18 - Solutions

  2. 18.1 Properties of Solutions • Solution Formation • Solvent • This is the liquid that is doing the dissolving • Solute • This is what is being dissolved • Form a homogenous mixture

  3. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Solutions

  4. Solubility • Two liquids that dissolve in each other are said to be miscible • Immiscible liquids are insoluble in each other

  5. Immiscible vs. Miscible Solutions

  6. Factors Affecting Solubility • Solubility increases with the increase in temperature (Easier to dissolve something when the temperature is increased) • Solubility increases with an increase in surface area (ex. CRUSHING) • Few exceptions that occur in the reverse

  7. 18.2 Concentrations of Solutions • Molarity is the concentration of moles per liters • Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution • Dilute solution contains a low concentration of solute • Concentrated solution contains a high concentration of solute

  8. Practice Problems: • Calculate the molarity of a solution which contains 0.40 mol of C6H12O6 dissolved in 1.6 L of a solution. • What is the molarity of a solution containing 325 g of NaCl dissolved in 750. mL of solution?(1000 ml = 1L)

  9. Do Now: • In complete sentences, describe how you would prepare 500 mL of a 1.4M solution of sodium chloride

  10. Making Dilutions • Formula for making a dilution • C1 V1 = C2 V2 • “Stock solution” is the same as the original solution.

  11. Example • A stock solution of HCl has a concentration of 12M. How much of the stock solution would be required to make 325 mL of a 6M solution?

  12. Molality • Molality is another way to represent the concentration of a solution. • It is represented by a lower case m. • Molality = moles of solute/kg of solvent • Example: A 4.9m solution of NaCl is dissolved in 1000 grams of water. How many grams of NaCl is this?

  13. Determine the molality of a NaCl solution in which 17.3 moles of solute are dissolved in 1400 grams.

  14. In your notebook practice: A solution containing 250 grams of BaCl2is dissolved in 2000 g of water creating a solution that has a total volume of 2450 mL. Given: 1000 mL = 1L 1000 g = 1 kg Determine the molarity from the information above. Determine the molality from the information above.

  15. 18.3 Colligative Properties of Solutions • Properties that depend on the number of particles dissolved in a given mass of solvent. These properties can change depending on the solute that is dissolved. • Boiling Point Elevation • Freezing Point Depression

  16. Boiling-Point Elevation • ∆Tb = Kb x m x i • m is the molality • i is the number of ions in solution (covalent: i = 1) • Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant • It is dependent on the solvent

  17. Freezing Point Depression • ∆Tf = Kf x m x i • m is the molality • i is the number of ions in solution (covalent: i = 1) • Kf is the molal freezing point constant • It is also dependent on the solvent

  18. Example: • Determine the boiling point and freezing point of a solution in which 600 grams of MgCl2 is dissolved in 2400 grams of water. (Kb = 0.512 and Kf = 1.86)

More Related