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This study examines the relationship between incarceration and homelessness. Using data from the National Former Prisoner Survey, it explores employment, education, demographics, and homelessness among parolees. Previous research on homelessness and shelter use is also considered.
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Lucius Couloute Prison Policy Initiative UMass Amherst Homelessness After Prison: Uncovering the Data
The National Former Prisoner Survey (NFPS) • Representative survey of almost 18,000 people on parole • Data originally intended to measure sexual victimization • Important measures of employment, education, homelessness, and demographics
Previous Research • Up to 15% of incarcerated people experienced homelessness in the year before admission to prison (Greenberg & Rosenheck 2008; James 2004; Harlow 2003). • Philadelphia 8-year longitudinal study (Remster 2017) • 8% used shelters at some point • 60.5% of shelters users experienced 2 or more shelter spells • 49.6% of first shelter spells did not occur until 2yrs after release • New York 2-year longitudinal study (Metraux & Culhane 2004) • 11.4% entered a shelter within 2 years increasing their risk of reincarceration • California • In some urban areas an estimated 30-50% of parolees were homeless (California DOC 1997)
--- People who have been incarcerated multiple times are twice as likely to be homeless as those who are returning from their first prison term. ---