The Legislative Process in Alaska

1. The Legislative Process in Alaska

2. Courtesy of the Juneau Legislative Information Office

3. The Alaska Legislature • The Alaska Legislature meets each year in Juneau. • Each legislature consists of two sessions, lasting for a period of 90 days each.

4. Our legislature is “bicameral”. That means that it is composed of “two chambers”. They are the House of Representatives and the Senate. House of Representatives Senate

5. The Senate has twenty members who serve four year terms, and is presided over by the Senate President. • Each member represents one of the twenty senate districts in the state.

6. Each senate district has two corresponding house districts. The House of Representatives has forty members who serve two year terms, and is presided over by the Speaker of the House. For example: Senate District B encompasses • House District 3 • House District 4

7. The Idea • Bills, and ultimately laws, all begin as ideas. • An idea can come from a legislator, group of legislators, a committee, the governor, a professional group, a lobbyist, an individual citizen, etc. • The idea for a bill can come from you!

8. The Bill • All bills must be introduced by a legislator, a legislative committee, or the governor via the Rules Committee. • Therefore, your idea must be communicated to one of these folks, who will “sponsor” the bill.

9. Introduction and Reading • First, the bill is drafted and printed. This is done by the Legislative Affairs Agency, Legal Services. • Next, the bill is introduced by the sponsor during floor session of either the House or the Senate, depending on which house (body) the bill originated in. This is known as the “first reading”. • During this reading the bill is referred to committee(s).

10. Each body has ten standing committees which consider issues within their jurisdictions. They are: Education Finance Health & Social Services Judiciary Labor & Commerce Community & Regional Affairs Resources Rules State Affairs Transportation Legislative Committees

11. Each committee has an odd number of members and is presided over by a chairperson. • In order to conduct business, half the number of members, plus one, must be present. This is called a “quorum”.

12. Once a bill has been referred to committee, a hearing(s) may be held. • The sponsor presents the bill to the committee, public testimony is heard and the committee members discuss and argue (debate) the matter. • Modifications, additions or deletions to the bill may be suggested and adopted. These are called “amendments”.

13. When formal debate has concluded, the members vote to move the bill out of committee. • The bill then moves on to its next committee of referral. • After the bill has moved through all its committees of referral, it is scheduled for floor action in the house of origin.

14. Let’s say the bill originated in the House of Representatives. It will now be put to the full House for debate, and further amendment. • This is called the “second reading”.

15. After amendments have been offered and voted on in second reading, the bill moves on to the “third reading” usually on the next day the House convenes. • Here, it is voted on for final passage (an affirmative vote by a majority of the full body).

16. If the bill requires further amendment, it is returned to second reading. • If it does not require further amendment, and the bill passes the House, it must go through the same process in the Senate.

17. If the bill travels through the entire process in the Senate without further amendment, it is considered to have passed both houses. • The final version of the bill is then signed by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House and delivered to the Governor.

18. At this point, the Governor may sign the bill into law, allow the bill to become law without his/her signature, or veto the bill. • A veto is an official action by the Governor which nullifies the action of the legislature. • If the bill has not been vetoed, it will become law ninety days later, unless a different “effective date” is specified.

19. From a Bill to an Act to a Law • Now that the bill has become law it is called an “act”. • The act is given a chapter number and becomes a “session law”. • Session laws are reviewed by the Legislative Affairs Agency and then sent to be published.

20. That which began as an idea has become law and is now part of the codified body of laws, enacted by the Legislature, and known as the Alaska Statutes. Alaska Statutes

21. If you would like more detailed information about the legislative process or about the Alaska Legislature in general, please visit our website at: • www.legis.state.ak.us