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Personality and its Assessment

Personality and its Assessment. Part II. Overview. Humanistic Approaches Cognitive Approaches Personality Assessment Exam information & Assignment Multiple choice tips & Exam review You are not required to stay for this. HUMANISTIC APPROACHES:. The Search for Psychological Health.

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Personality and its Assessment

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  1. Personality and its Assessment Part II

  2. Overview • Humanistic Approaches • Cognitive Approaches • Personality Assessment • Exam information & Assignment • Multiple choice tips & Exam review • You are not required to stay for this.

  3. HUMANISTIC APPROACHES: The Search for Psychological Health

  4. Criticisms of other Approaches • According to Humanistic Theorists other approaches dehumanize people • Psychodynamic • Behavioural • Trait

  5. Humanistic theories: Assume people are motivated to achieve personal goals by internal forces Use a phenomenological approach: Humanistic Psychology

  6. Abraham Maslow • One of the founders of the humanistic approach • Studied psychologically healthy people • Developed hierarchy of needs to explain human motivation • The higher the need the more distinctly human • Self-actualization is the highest point in the hierarchy

  7. Maslow and Self-Actualization • Self-actualized individuals: • Have reached the final level of psychological development • Accept themselves, others, and nature • Have become what they want to be • Have peak experiences –

  8. A quote from Maslow: • A musician must make music, the artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. This need we may call self-actualisation. (Motivation and Personality, 1954)

  9. Rogers and Self Theory • Carl Rogers made three basic assumptions about behaviour: • 1. • 2. • 3.

  10. Rogers and Self Theory • Rogers’ theory is structured around the concept of the Self, the view one has of oneself and relationships with other people • Self-concept: • ideal self

  11. Fulfillment Essential conditions for self-fulfillment: Empathy Unconditional positive regard Congruence Rogers and Fulfillment

  12. Rogers: The Fully-Functioning Person • People who receive empathy and unconditional positive regard from a congruent partner become a “fully-functioning person”

  13. EVALUATING THE HUMANISTIC APPROACH • Core concepts are vague/unclear • Difficult to empirically validate • Best viewed as a protest movement

  14. COGNITIVE APPROACHES

  15. Cognitive Perspective:The Basics • Reject psychodynamic and behavioural approaches • Emphasis on interaction between thoughts and behaviour • Assumes that humans are decision makers

  16. Rotter: Locus of Control • Locus of control • Internal vs. External

  17. Bandura: Self-Efficacy • Self-efficacy: • Albert Bandura:

  18. Mischel: Cognitive-Affective Personality System • Focuses on interaction between stable personality traits and nature of the situation. • Peopleself-regulate • Greatest impact on psychology:

  19. ASSESSMENT

  20. Personality Assessment • Assessment • First Personality Test

  21. Structured Personality Tests: Personality Inventories Personality inventories:

  22. Personality Inventories • MMPI – 2

  23. Unstructured Personality Tests: Projective Techniques • Projective Tests:

  24. The Rorschach Inkblot Test • Examinees report what they see in a series of 10 inkblots • Scoring involves various categories • Difficult to establish validity of the Rorschach

  25. Exam Info and Assignment

  26. SCANTRONS • USE A PENCIL! • Fill in bubbles AND write in requested information including: • Name (Last, First) • Date (Y, M) • Test ID (01) • Course # (46-116) • Student #

  27. SCANTRONS • Fill in each bubble carefully • Include my last name and the section # (32) at the top of the exam.

  28. Other Important Exam Information • Friday, February 11 at 7 p.m. • Erie Hall Room 3123 • Reminder – Don’t bring cell phones, palm pilots, etc. to the exam.

  29. Assignment #5

  30. A note from the marker:

  31. REVIEW and M/C Tips

  32. Multiple Choice Tips GENERAL • Answer easy/familiar questions first • Leave/Flag/Return to difficult questions

  33. Multiple Choice Tips • Educated Guesses • Take mini-breaks

  34. Multiple Choice Tips • Anticipate the answer • Read entire question and answer choices carefully.

  35. Multiple Choice Tips • Cross out incorrect choices • Look for cue words • Identify chapter or topic

  36. Multiple Choice Tips • For difficult questions, review systematically Don’t overanalyse • Trust yourself

  37. Review & M/C Tips Sample Questions

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