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Circulating HCV particles can be associated with low- and very-low-density lipoproteins (LP). Virus binding to the cell surface and entry may involve the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), glycosaminoglycans (GAG), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), the tetraspanin protein CD81 and claudin-1 (CLDN1). CLDN1 functions at a late stage of cell entry, possibly at tight junctions of polarized hepatocytes. Internalization depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Acidification of the endosome induces HCV glycoprotein membrane fusion. Little is known about the uncoating process, which results in genome release into the cytosol. Replication of hepatitis C virus Darius Moradpour, François Penin & Charles M. Rice Nature Reviews Microbiology 5, 453-463(June 2007)