Seeing the Structure

1. Seeing the Structure Teaching Freshman English Reading Yeh Ching-er 6/10/2009

2. The Exam • Sentence making (2% x 10) • Q&A • Vocabulary • Sentence Structure (2% x 15)= 30% • Reading comprehension They did poorly on Sentence Structure.

3. The Class The Students: 58, mostly science majors The Textbook: Active Skills for Reading Book 3 (mid-level) The Teacher: First-timer for this course

4. How to help my students • Sentence Structure ->grammatically correct • Focus on Grammar ->Test-writing by students ->My lecture handouts

5. A few points from my lecture handouts

6. Simplifying a Sentence • These intriguing statues, which were carved by ancient people to resemble human heads, range in height from 3 and a half to 12 meters. ->These statues range from 3 to 12 meters in height. (These statues were carved byancient people.) (They were made to look likehuman heads.) (They are veryintriguing.)

7. Verb Hunting • Which one is the verb?(心) • DO NOT underline new words, • Underline words that would help you • Get to the main structure.

8. Verb Hunting Escalating classroom violence has also motivated some parents to remove their children from school.

9. Verb Hunting • Research suggests that it may have been A B designed and built by an ancient religious B group who used it for one or two purposes; C either as a sacred temple or an observatory to study D E the sky.

10. Verb Hunting • A concern that is often heard with regard to only children is whether one child is necessarily a lonely child. 你希望學生能跨過子句找到動詞

11. Verb Hunting • The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique, and what is appropriate for one family may not be for another. 你希望學生能跨過分詞找到動詞

12. Verb Hunting • Despite these arguments, the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing in many parts of the world. 你希望學生在長長的等待後找得到動詞

13. Verb Hunting *Please underline the verb of the clause in the following sentences: Many people believethat a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. 同時也希望他們找得到子句中的動詞

14. Verb Hunting • Research suggests that it may have been designed and built by an ancient religious group. 你希望學生看到有些動詞是成群結隊的。

15. Verb Hunting • In fact, compulsory public education has only been in place for the past 2 centuries. • Before that, while the affluent were able to hire tutors for their children, most education or children took place within the family and the community. 動詞片語更絕對是呼朋引伴。

16. Identifying the Subject 長主詞(Students should see them as a unit) 目的地：動詞 (leading to the Verb) • Exactly how and why Stonehenge was constructedremains a mystery. • The incredible sensation of witnessing first-hand these prehistoric marvelsdefies description.

17. Linking the Subject to the Verb Although that isn’t yet feasible, withtraining, the potential of the human memory can be unlocked.

18. Linking the Subject to the Verb One way that many teachers suggest accelerating the vocabulary-building process is by using mnemonics.

19. Seeing the Linking Word • While many parents will not completely put their confidence back into the system ,many of them have reached a compromisethat allows their children the extra benefits of peer interaction and access to a wider choice of activities. ->Although many parents are still NOT happy with the school system ,they have reached a compromise.

20. Seeing the Linking Word • While he was, in the end, given permission , he was lucky. -> Although...

21. Seeing the Linking Word Expert opinions differ on the specific number of words a second-language learner needs to know to achieve fluency, butthey generally agree that it is several thousand.

22. These are all very good, but... Grammar > Text (A look at my Word files.)

23. I had a breakthrough “What does my student’s book look like?”

26. fresh print • full of notes Either way, they can’t see the text.

27. So I decided to Single each sentence out.

28. Single each sentence out • Activity #1: • Face to face with a sentence

29. This new layout allows us to focus on each sentence without referring to Line 12 or 2nd Paragraph.

30. Guessing Meaning in Context Simply put, mnemonics are methods used tohelp one remember information that is otherwise difficult to recall.

31. Seeing the contrast Though oncethe last resort for troubled children, homeschooling today is becoming an accepted alternativeto the public educational system.

32. In Other Words They point out the homeschooled reportedly do well as well as those who have been in the classroom, and manywalk the campuses of top universities alongside the conventionally educated.

33. In Other Words the homeschooled VS. those who have been in the classroom = the conventionally educated.

34. In Other Words Many do well. = They walk the campuses of top universities alongside the conventionally educated.

35. Seeing the text as a whole

36. Reorganizing the text • Put opening & ending together • Move sentences around and allow them to see the contrast, parallel, similarities, etc. • Above all, keep them awake.

37. Opening & Ending • Opening • 1.As little as 30 years ago, few people questionedthe gender role that had prevailed for centuries. • 2. The conventional wisdom was that a woman’s place was in the home, and that a man’s main responsibility to his family was to put food • on the table. • 3. In the 1970s and ‘80s, however, greater numbers of working women meant that men were no longer the sole breadwinners. • 4. A father’s involvement with his family also became more important. • 5. Forty years ago, almost no husbands were “stay-at-home dads.” • 6.Today, with more career opportunities than ever available to women, the stay-at-home dad trend is on the rise. • _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Ending • 1.It’s probably safe to say that stay-at-home dad is here to stay. • 2. As more and more pioneers fight for concessions from their employers, they contribute immensely to the flexibility of the father’s role in • the modern family. • 3.There is still a stigma attached to stay-at-home dads in the working world. • 4.Someemployerssee“stay-at-home dad”as meaning “couldn’t find work”. • 5.Others might view them as out of touch or lacking dedication to their career. • 6. However, many stay-at-home dadssee children as a priority that is worth sacrificing for.

38. Seeing the Echo • Opening 6.Today, with more career opportunities than ever available to women, the stay-at- home dad trend is on the rise. _______________________________________ • Ending 1.It’s probably safe to say that stay-at- home dad is here to stay.

39. Seeing the Contrast • 1. As little as 30 years ago, few people questionedthe gender role that had prevailed for centuries. • 2. The conventional wisdom was that a woman’s place was in the home, and that a man’s main responsibility to his family was to put food on the table. • 3. In the 1970s and ‘80s, however, greater numbers of working women meant that men were no longer the sole breadwinners. • 4. A father’s involvement with his family also became more important. • 5.Forty years ago, almost no husbands were “stay-at-home dads.” 6. Today, with more career opportunities than ever available to women, the stay- at-home dad trend is on the rise.

40. Seeing the Topic Sentence • 1. A family with a stay-at-home dad can reap many benefits. • 2. If the wife is a career-woman, her husband can take some family responsibilities off her shoulders, thereby allowing her to compete more successfully with career-minded men. • 3. Being the main caregiver to the children allows men the joy of participating in their children’s day-to-day experiences. • 4. Studies have also found that the presence of the father in the home can contribute to lower juvenile crime rates, a decrease in child poverty, and lower rates of teenage pregnancy. • 5. Differences in parenting styles between men and women are also believed to contribute to children’s ability to understand and communicate emotions in different ways. • 6. The research supports claims by some groups that the absence of a father in the family is the single biggest social problem in modern society.

41. Seeing the Topic Sentence • Case 1: Masato Yamada • 1. Many men have found opposition from the corporate world to their decision to become stay-at-home dads. • 2. Masato Yamada and his wife, Atsuko, worked at Japan’s buy trade ministry. • 3. Atsuko had twins, and took maternity leave to take care of them. • 4. When Atsuko later had a third child, Masato decided to request paternity leave to be the children’s primary caregiver. • 5. His boss’s initial reaction was, “Are you serious?” • 6. While he was, in the end, given permission, he was lucky. • 7. A recent Japanese government survey showed that only 6.5 percent of father who have young children were able to reduce their working hours as opposed to 29 percent who wished they could do so.

42. Seeing the Contrast • At one time, there wasa stigma associated with homeschooling; it was traditionally used for students who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties. • Today, however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of educating their children at home due to dissatisfaction with the educational system.

43. Seeing the Contrast • What these 3 methods of enhancing memory have in common is the idea of active learning. While it is certainly possible to absorb a great deal of information by passively listening or reading, there is no guarantee that the information will enter your memory and be retained.

44. Seeing the parallel There is stilla stigma attached to stay-at-home dads in the working world. Someemployerssee“stay-at-home dad”asmeaning “couldn’t find work”. Others might view them as out of touch or lacking dedication to their career. However, many stay-at-home dadssee children as a priority that is worth sacrificing for.

45. Seeing the parallel 1.Homeschooling is still considered to bea radical choice in most countries. 2.The laws that apply to it can be complex and vary widely from country to country. 3.In some countries, such as France, England, Taiwan, and the United States, homeschooling is permitted by law. 4.In other countries, laws are not so clear, so homeschooling goes on but isn’t formally permitted by existing laws. 5.A third group of countries including Germany and Brazil prohibit homeschooling.

46. Finding Synonyms • With an increasing number of disgruntled parents taking their children out of class, many school officials are looking for ways to restore parents’ confidence in the public education system. • Today, however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of educating their children at home due to dissatisfaction with the educational system. • Many parents are unhappy about class size, as well as problems inside the classroom.

47. In Other Words • At one time, there was a stigma associated with homeschooling; it was traditionally used for students who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties. • Though once the last resort fortroubled children, homeschooling today is becoming an accepted alternative to the public educational system.

48. In Other Words • The ruling is believed to be the first of its kind, and demonstrated just how much views on paternal roles have changed over the years. • As more and more pioneers fight for concessions from their employers, they contribute immensely to the flexibility of the father’s role in the modern family.

49. Finding Similarities in Context Many men have found oppositionfrom the corporate world to their decision to become stay-at-home dads. There is stilla stigma attached to stay-at-home dads in the working world.

50. From a different perspective • Studies have found that the presence of the father in the home can contribute to lower juvenile crime rates, a decrease in child poverty, and lower rates of teenage pregnancy. • The research supports claims by some groups that the absence of a father in the family is the single biggest social problem in modern society.