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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Multimedia Application Development. Widget. Introduction on Widget. Android.widget includes many visual UI elements and can apply operation interface i n application display

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Multimedia Application Development

  2. Widget

  3. Introduction on Widget Android.widget includes many visual UI elements and can apply operation interfacein application display To get acquainted with Android multi-media application development, we have to start from widget. So examples in the chapters all focus on application of android.widget

  4. Introduction on Gallery Gallery是一個水平的清單，移動清單時，會將選擇項目放大顯示於中央，範例如圖所示。

  5. About Gallery Gallery includes some XML attributes and methods as shown below：

  6. Gallery Layout.xml Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <ImageSwitcher android:id="@+id/switcher" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" /> <Gallery android:id="@+id/gallery" android:background="#55000000" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="60dp" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:gravity="center_vertical" android:spacing="16dp" /> </RelativeLayout>

  7. Gallery Codes-1 /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mSwitcher = (ImageSwitcher) findViewById(R.id.switcher); /* 設定ImageSwitcher的Factory進行資源配置 */ mSwitcher.setFactory(this); /* 設定ImageSwitcher動畫 */ mSwitcher.setInAnimation(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, android.R.anim.fade_in)); mSwitcher.setOutAnimation(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, android.R.anim.fade_out)); /* 初始化Gallery */ Gallery g = (Gallery) findViewById(R.id.gallery); /* 設定Adapter */ g.setAdapter(new ImageAdapter(this)); /* 設定項目選擇監聽器 */ g.setOnItemSelectedListener(this); }

  8. Gallery Codes-2 public View makeView() { ImageView i = new ImageView(this); /* 設定ImageView屬性 */ i.setBackgroundColor(0xFF000000); i.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER); i.setLayoutParams(new ImageSwitcher.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT)); return i; } /* 當項目被選擇到時發生 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void onItemSelected(AdapterView parent, View v, int position, long id) { /* 為ImageSwitcher設定圖檔資源 */ mSwitcher.setImageResource(mImageIds[position]); }

  9. Gallery Codes-3 Owing to the codes are numerous, please refer to the reference disc to find the complete codes of GalleryEX.java public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ImageView i = new ImageView(mContext); /* 設定ImageView屬性 */ i.setImageResource(mThumbIds[position]); i.setAdjustViewBounds(true); i.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams( LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); return i; }

  10. AnalogClock AnalogClock is an analog clock component with hour hand and minute hand .It is shown below:

  11. AnalogClock Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <AnalogClock android:id="@+id/AnalogClock" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" /> </RelativeLayout>

  12. DigitalClock It is similar to AnalogClock, but it adopts digital time display (which shows hour/minute/second). It is shown below:

  13. DigitalClock Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <AnalogClock android:id="@+id/AnalogClock" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" /> <DigitalClock android:id="@+id/DigitalClock" android:text="DigitalClock" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_below="@id/AnalogClock" /> </RelativeLayout>

  14. Multimedia Application Development

  15. Multimedia Application Development Android對於多媒體的支援性非常強大，在SDK中的android.media提供了許多媒體相關類別可使用，像是一般播放音樂、影片及錄音…等等功能都可藉由SDK達成，也可自行搭配元件開發。 其中Android所支援的音訊、圖像、視訊格式可由下頁圖得知。

  16. Multimedia Application Development Android Support Formats

  17. AudioManager 在手機應用程式當中，有時候會需要調整手機音量或轉換手機聲音模式。 如果要開發一個具有音量調整功能的程式，Android API中的AudioManager提供了許多相關的方法，可在程式中控制音量大小、切換聲音模式，範例如下圖所示。

  18. AudioManager Diagram of the Example ：

  19. AudioManager Layout.xml Layout.xml-1： Layout.xml-2： <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnVibrate" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/vibrate" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnMute" android:layout_alignTop="@+id/btnMute" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnNormal" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/normal" android:layout_alignRight="@+id/btnUp" android:layout_below="@+id/btnUp" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/imageStatus" android:src="@drawable/normal" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="135sp" android:layout_marginLeft="140sp" /> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/widget33" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnDown" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/down" android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/up" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnUp" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/up" android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/btnDown" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnMute" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/mute" android:layout_alignRight="@+id/btnDown" android:layout_below="@+id/btnDown" />

  20. AudioManager Layout.xml Layout.xml-3： <TextView android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/barInfo" android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/ProgressBar" android:text="音量大小"/> <TextView android:layout_above="@+id/barInfo" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/modeInfo" android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/imageStatus" android:text="聲音模式"/> <ProgressBar android:id="@+id/ProgressBar" android:layout_width="200px" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="200sp" android:layout_marginLeft="140sp" style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal" /> </RelativeLayout>

  21. AudioManager Codes Codes-1(AudioManagerEX.java)： @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); /* 初始化元件 */ audioManager = (AudioManager) getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE); btnUp = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnUp); btnDown = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnDown); btnNormal = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnNormal); btnMute = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnMute); btnVibrate = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnVibrate); volumeBar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.ProgressBar); imageStatus = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageStatus); /* 取得目前手機音量 */ volume = audioManager.getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_RING); /* 設定音量條 */ volumeBar.setMax(8); volumeBar.setProgress(volume);

  22. AudioManager Codes Codes-2(AudioManagerEX.java) ： /* 透過AudioManager取得目前響鈴模式並進行比對，此處為比對一般模式 */ if( ( mode = audioManager.getRingerMode() ) == AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_NORMAL ) { /* 設定目前手機模式的圖示為響鈴 */ imageStatus.setImageDrawable( getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.normal) ); } /* 此處為比對靜音模式 */ else if ( mode == AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_SILENT) { /* 設定目前手機模式的圖示為靜音 */ imageStatus.setImageDrawable( getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.mute) ); } /* 此處為比對震動模式 */ else if ( mode == AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_VIBRATE) { /* 設定目前手機模式的圖示為震動 */ imageStatus.setImageDrawable( getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.vibrate) ); }

  23. AudioManager Codes Codes-3(AudioManagerEX.java) ： Owing to the codes are numerous, please refer to the reference disc to find the complete codes ofAudioManagerEX.java /* 透過AudioManager.ADJUST_RAISE調大音量 */ audioManager.adjustVolume(AudioManager.ADJUST_RAISE, 0); volume = audioManager.getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_RING); volumeBar.setProgress(volume); /* 透過AudioManager.ADJUST_LOWER調小音量 */ audioManager.adjustVolume(AudioManager.ADJUST_LOWER, 0); volume = audioManager.getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_RING); volumeBar.setProgress(volume);

  24. AudioManager Some constants of AudioManager can be found in Android SDK. Here we only list the important constants:

  25. MediaRecorder MediaRecorder原先只支援音訊錄製，不過在Android 1.5版本以後開始支援視訊錄製功能，透過MediaRecorder類別的方法可以錄製視訊並儲存為MPEG4、H.263和H.264編碼的視訊。 MediaRecorder運作狀態、範例程式如下頁圖所示：

  26. MediaRecorder Operation State Chart Diagram： Diagram of the Example ：

  27. MediaRecorder Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:background="@drawable/white" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <TextView android:id="@+id/mTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnRecord" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/record" android:layout_below="@+id/mTextView" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnStop" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/stop" android:layout_alignTop="@+id/btnRecord" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnRecord" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnPlay" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/play" android:layout_alignTop="@+id/btnRecord" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnStop" /> </RelativeLayout>

  28. MediaRecorder Codes (MediaRecorder.java)： Owing to the codes are numerous, please refer to the reference disc to find the complete codes ofMediaRecorderEX.java /* 監聽錄音按鈕 */ btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View arg0) { try { /* 檢查目前是否還有錄音資源 */ if (recorder == null) recorder = new MediaRecorder(); /* 設置輸入為麥克風 */ recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); /* 設置輸出的格式為3gp文件 */ recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP); /* 音效編碼採用AMR */ recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); /* 暫存文件路徑，檔名為當前系統時間 */ path = "/sdcard/" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".3ga"; /* 設定輸出路徑 */ recorder.setOutputFile(path); /* 準備緩衝 */ recorder.prepare(); /* 開始錄音 */ recorder.start(); /* 將狀態設置為正在錄音 */ state = RECORDING; handler.sendEmptyMessage(UPDATE);

  29. AudioTrack • AudioTrack負責為Java應用程式管理與播放聲音資源，雖然MediaPlayer也可播放聲音，但AudioTrack可以設置的屬性更多，播放起來也較好操作。 • 它運作有兩種模式：static與streaming • static通常用於處理時間較短且延遲需求高的聲音。 • straming則用於播放品質較好、檔案較大或需要緩衝的聲音。程式範例如下頁圖所示。

  30. AudioTrack Diagram of the Example：

  31. AudioTrack Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/textView" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btnLeft" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="left" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btnRight" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="right" /> </LinearLayout>

  32. AudioTrack Codes (AudioTrackEX.java)： Owing to the codes are numerous, please refer to the reference disc to find the complete codes ofAudioTrackEX.java private void playSound(String strPath, int iChannel) { /* 檢查是否有AudioTrack物件未釋放 */ if ( audioTrack != null ) { /* 釋放資源 */ audioTrack.release(); audioTrack = null; } /* 設定Buffer */ int iMinBufSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(44100, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);

  33. MediaPlayer MediaPlayer can be used to display sound/video. The following shows the shift of the display mode and the example

  34. MediaPlayer Layout.xml(res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:background="@drawable/white" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <TextView android:id="@+id/mTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnPlay" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/play" android:layout_below="@+id/mTextView" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btnPause" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/pause" android:layout_alignTop="@+id/btnPlay" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnPlay" /> ……

  35. MediaPlayer Codes (MediaPlayerEX.java)： Owing to the codes are numerous, please refer to the reference disc to find the complete codes ofMediaPlayer.java /* 建立MediaPlayer物件，使用raw中的sample.mp3資源檔案 */ player = MediaPlayer.create(this,R.raw.sample); /* 監聽播放音樂按鈕 */ btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new ImageButton.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { try { /* 檢查是否存在MediaPlayer物件 */ if(player != null) { /* 停止播放 */ player.stop(); } player.prepare(); /* 開始播放 */ player.start(); text.setText("音樂播放中..."); } catch (Exception e) { text.setText("播放發生異常..."); e.printStackTrace(); } } });

  36. MediaPlayer MediaPlayer player = new MediaPlayer(); player.setDataSource(URL/檔案路徑); player.prepare(); player.start(); 如果想播放記憶卡中的音樂或利用URL下載音樂來播放可使用下列方法，主要是透過MediaPlayer.setDataSource() 方法，將URL或檔案路徑以字串方式傳入。

  37. VideoView 另外如果要播放影片的話，則使用Android內建之VideoView來播放影片，需先準備格式為*.3gp格式的影片，並將影片置於sdcard中，指令如圖所示。需要注意的是在模擬器上是無法正常播放的，模擬器在模擬一些視音訊方面還是會有一些問題，故範例需於執行於Hero實機上。

  38. VideoView Diagram of the the Example：

  39. VideoView Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <VideoView android:id="@+id/videoView" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" /> </LinearLayout>

  40. VideoView Codes (VideoViewEX.java)： public class MediaPlayerEX2 extends Activity { private VideoView videoView; private String path; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); /* 初始化VideoView */ videoView = (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.videoView); /* 設定VideoView屬性*/ path = "/sdcard/oldhouse.3gp"; videoView.setVideoPath(path); videoView.setMediaController(new MediaController(this)); videoView.requestFocus(); } }

  41. RingtoneManager RingtoneManager提供存取鈴聲、通知或其他類型的音效。 Android預設系統鈴聲儲存於【/system/media/audio/ringtones/】。 如不使用預設的位置，則可將檔案置於【/sdcard/music/】中，還可進一步分類為三種不同用途的資料夾。

  42. RingtoneManager 此後便可透過RingtoneManager，在設定鈴聲時，以intent.putExtra產生不同的鈴聲選單，範例如圖所示。

  43. RingtoneManager Layout.xml (res/layout/main.xml)： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/Ringtone" android:text="選擇鈴聲" /> </LinearLayout>

  44. RingtoneManager Codes (RingtoneManagerEX.java)： Owing to the codes are numerous, please refer to the reference disc to find the complete codes ofRingtoneManager.java /* 設定選擇鈴聲Intent */ Intent intent = new Intent(RingtoneManager.ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER); /* Intent屬性設定 */ intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE, RingtoneManager.TYPE_RINGTONE); intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_TITLE, "設定鈴聲"); if( strPath != null) { intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_EXISTING_URI, Uri.parse(strPath)); } else { intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_EXISTING_URI, (Uri)null); } /* 開啟一個活動並等待回傳值 */ startActivityForResult(intent, RINGTONE_PICKED);

  45. Q&A

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