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Cancer Screening Education

Cancer Screening Education. Developed by:. Walking Forward Program, John T. Vucurevich Regional Cancer Care Institute Native American Cancer Research Cancer Information Service Supported by National Cancer Institute. Please turn off your cell phones or switch them to “vibrate” mode.

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Cancer Screening Education

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  1. Cancer Screening Education

  2. Developed by: • Walking Forward Program, John T. Vucurevich Regional Cancer Care Institute • Native American Cancer Research • Cancer Information Service • Supported by National Cancer Institute

  3. Please turn off your cell phones or switch them to “vibrate” mode.

  4. Cancer Screening & Early Detection Checking for cancer in a person who does not have any symptoms of the disease is called screening.

  5. Cancer Screening & Early Detection • The goal of early detection is to discover a cancerous tumor at the earliest stage possible. • This way it can be stopped before it grows and spreads or metastasizes.

  6. Screening Tests for Common Types of Cancer • Breast– Screening mammogram, clinical breast exam, self-breast exam • Cervix - Pap test

  7. Screening Tests for Common Types of Cancer • Prostate - Digital rectal exam, prostate specific antigen blood test (PSA) • Colon - Fecal occult blood test, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, digital rectal exam

  8. Barriers to Cancer Screening and Early Detection • Examples of barriers include: • Difficulties of travel to the doctors and hospitals • Complicated health care system • Fear

  9. Indian Health Service Reports on Cause of Death Cancer

  10. Cancer Incidence Rates1999-2004 Source: Cancer registries in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) D. Espey, Monograph Group.

  11. What Is Cancer?

  12. Video: Cancer in the Great Land

  13. Risk Factors • Cancer develops over time. It is a result of a combination of: • Lifestyle (daily behaviors) • Environment • Heredity/genetics

  14. Risk Factors Are Related to: • Frequency • How often? • Duration • How long? • Intensity • How much?

  15. Common Risk Factors for Cancer • Growing older • Tobacco abuse • Sunlight • Ionizing Radiation

  16. Common Risk Factors for Cancer • Certain Chemicals and other substances • Some viruses and bacteria • Certain hormones • Family history of cancer • Alcohol • Poor diet, lack of physical activity or being overweight

  17. Possible Symptoms of Cancer • There are many different symptoms known to be associated with certain types of cancers. • A symptom is a sign that something is not right in the body. • It does NOT always indicate cancer.

  18. Possible Symptoms of Cancer,continued • A change in bowel or bladder habits • A sore that does not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge • Thickening, lump, or swelling in any part of the body • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing • Recent change in wart or mole • Nagging cough or hoarseness

  19. Possible Symptoms of Cancer, continued • Unexplained symptoms such as: • Progressive, unexplained weight loss • Fever • Fatigue, feeling tired all the time • Pain

  20. GUIDELINES FOR SCREENING ACS Guidelines for cancer screening for breast, prostate, colorectal, and cervical cancer are provided in your packets.

  21. These slides were prepared with help from: Jessica Gilbertson- Spirit of EAGLES and NCI’s Cancer Information Service Native American Cancer Research www.natamcancer.org

  22. Objectives Anatomy Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer Protective Factors Signs and Symptoms Screening

  23. What is the intestinal tract? The intestinal tract is 26 feet long The intestinal tract helps move waste matter (from undigested foods) from the body The colon and rectum are two different sections of the intestinal tract

  24. What is the colon? The colon is the latter portion of the intestinal tract (5-7 feet) The left over food products that were not used by the body move from the small intestine to the colon Water is absorbed from the left-over foods while the waste is in the colon

  25. What is the colon? Bacteria in the colon break down the food left-overs to create “waste” material The colon then moves the left-over waste into the rectum

  26. What is the rectum? The rectum is the last several inches of the large intestine The rectum is a storage holder for our body’s waste Muscles in the rectum move the stool out of the body through the anus (rectal opening)

  27. Colorectal Cancer

  28. Why are the colon and rectum important? They provide a way to absorb needed vitamins and nutrients and water from the food we eat. A healthy colon and rectum get rid of waste matter (stool) that is not needed by the body.

  29. What is a risk factor? Risk factors are conditions that increase the chance that cancer might occur. The conditions that influence the development of cancer are related to heredity, lifestyle, and the environment.

  30. Colon Cancer Normal Colon Adenomatous Polyp Colon Cancer Slides Courtesy of Dr. David Perdue

  31. Colon Cancer Adenoma-carcinoma sequence responsible for 95% of colorectal cancer NormalColon Polyp ColonCancer Slides Courtesy of Dr. David Perdue

  32. Colon Cancer

  33. Colon Cancer Incidence Rates1999-2004 Source: Cancer registries in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) D. Espey, Monograph Group.

  34. Common Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors Age over 50 Colorectal Polyps Family History of Colorectal Cancer Personal History of Cancer

  35. Common Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn’s Disease Diet Cigarette Smoking Genetic Alterations

  36. What is a risk factor? Heredity: This refers to genes that are passed from parent to child. Lifestyle: Some types of cancer are related to how we live. Environment: Some types of cancer are related to where we work and live.

  37. What We Can Change Approximately one third of all cancers diagnosed in 2001 were related to nutrition, physical activity and other lifestyle factors. Approximately 30% of all cancerdeaths were related to commercial tobacco use* *Source: Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, et al. (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2001, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, 2004 Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, et al. (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2001, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, 2004

  38. Learn about Colon Cancer Risk Native American Cancer Research Online Tool: www.natamcancer.org Bottom Right “Free Resources” “Colon Cancer Risk Factors”

  39. Healthy Lifestyles and Protective Factors Ways an individual can lead healthy lifestyles: Maintain a healthy weight Physical activity every day Don’t smoke or use commercial tobacco Eat healthy foods Limit alcohol consumption

  40. Five-Year Survival Rates for CRC by Stage at Diagnosis (1995-2000) Adapted from American Cancer Society. Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures Special Edition 2005. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2005. Survival rate (%) Stage I and II Stage III Stage IV All stages Local spreading Regional Distant spreading Stage at diagnosis

  41. Cancer Screening and Prevention Screening is checking for cancer in a person who does not have any symptoms of the disease. The goal of early detection is to discover and stop a cancerous tumor before it grows and spreads (metastasizes).

  42. Colon Cancer ScreeningRecommendations All men and women 50 and over should be getting one or a combination of the following Colon/Rectum (Colorectal) cancer screening tests FOBT yearly Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years Colonoscopy every 10 years FOBT yearly plus Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years

  43. Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) What is FOBT? Who should do FOBT screening? How often should you have the FOBT?

  44. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy What is Flexible Sigmoidoscopy? Who should have this done? How often should you get a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?

  45. Colonoscopy What is a Colonoscopy? Who should have a colonoscopy? How often should you have a colonoscopy?

  46. Removal of Polyps Can be done during colonoscopy Doctor removes polyps that may be found Finding and removing polyps may prevent colorectal cancer!

  47. MYTH: Because colon cancer is a common disease, most people are already screened for it by their physicians

  48. FACT: Despite colon cancer screening recommendations, most Americans are currently not having it done. It's estimated that less than 40% of the population is screened regularly for colon cancer.

  49. MYTH: Colon cancer occurs mostly in people with a family history of cancer

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