Assignment Supervised By: Mohammad Mamun Elahi Assistant Professor, Department of CSE

1. Course Title: Advanced Mobile Communication Course Code: CSE 6065 Assignment Prepared By: Al ImranMasum- 012111007 Md. Fayez Ahmed- 012111020 Mohammad Kamrul Hassan- 012111013 Assignment Supervised By: Mohammad Mamun Elahi Assistant Professor, Department of CSE

2. Mobile Multimedia Communications

3. What is Mobile Communication? A communication network (either public or private) which doesn't depend on any physical connection between two communication entities and have flexibility to be mobile during communication. The current GSM and CDMA technologies offer Mobile Communication.

4. Mobile Communication Technology: Example – • GSM (Global System for Mobile communication): GSM can provide for voice-mail (answer phone service), faxing, SMS and high-speed data transfer as well as for talk. • GPRS (General Packet Radio System): GPRS is a technology that uses the GSM network to allow data to be sent/receive at higher speeds.

5. Mobile Communication Technology: Example –(Contd) • Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): WAP is a technology designed to allow Internet material (web pages, e-mail, etc) to be viewed on mobile phones. • 3G: The Third Generation Future of Mobile Phone Technology • Blue-Tooth: Blue-tooth is a technology that allows communication between digital devices such as PCs, mobile phones, lap-tops and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA).

6. What is multimedia? • Definition of multimedia: In general, multimedia is an integration of text, graphics, still and moving images, animation, sounds, and any other medium where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally. • Characteristics of multimedia: • Integration of multiple media type, usually including video or/and audio • May be interactive or non-interactive

7. Mobile Multimedia Communications: Objectives: • To discuss multimedia requirements in the communication systems. • To understand the basics of a multimedia communication system. • To know the Internet protocol suite for multimedia communications. • To understand the Classes of multimedia Applications. • Give solutions of few problems. • To discuses some important issues that require for mobile multimedia communication

8. Multimedia Requirements • To develop scheme for multi access network that can provide performance guarantees. • To develop a distribute route selection strategy for point-to-point networks. • Real-time multimedia application requires guaranteed performance communication service. • Channel parameters have to be predicted in live continuous video source.

9. Multimedia communication system (Cont.) • Communication system: A system or facility capable of providing information transfer between person and equipment. • Client-Server Model: A client makes a request and a server fulfills that request. • Composite Video: Analog video signals can be broken down  into parts such as luminance (Black & White) and chrominance (color).

10. Multimedia Communication System Architecture • The ability to manage dynamically the achieved QoS of each service component. • The possibility for users to select some resources that best meet their needs. • The possibility to interact with another user whose  equipment has differing characteristics. • The communications network must allow any user to select the service components he wants.

11. Common Multimedia Internet Protocols • Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) • Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) • Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) & Session Description Protocol (SDP): Peer to peer communication, the concept of session. • Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Signaling mechanisms that are necessary to establish a session and to negotiate the parameter to be used in it, such as codecs, media, location, etc. • MBONE Tools: Session Directory (SDR), Videoconferencing (VIC), Audio conferencing (VAT) and Robust Audio Tool (RAT), Whiteboard (WB).

12. Classes of multimedia Applications • Streaming Stored Audio and Video • Streaming Live Audio and Video • Real-Time Interactive Audio and Video

13. Class: Streaming Stored Audio and Video (multimedia) • The multimedia content has been prerecorded and stored on a server • User may pause, rewind, forward, etc… • The time between the initial request and display start can be 1 to 10 seconds • Constraint: after display start, the playout must be continuous

14. Common Multimedia Internet Protocols

16. Class: Streaming Live Audio and Video • Similar to traditional broadcast TV/radio, but delivery on the Internet • Non-interactive just view/listen • Cannot pause or rewind • Often combined with multicast • The time between the initial request and display start can be up to 10 seconds • Constraint: like stored streaming, after display start, the playout must be continuous

18. Class: Real-Time Interactive Audio and Video • Phone conversation/Video conferencing • Constraint: delay between initial request and display start must be small • Video: <150 ms acceptable • Audio: <150 ms not perceived, <400 ms acceptable • Constraint: after display start, the playout must be continuous

19. Problems and solutions • Limited bandwidth • Solution: Compression • Packet Jitter: • Solution: Fixed/adaptive playout delay for Audio (example: phone over IP) • Packet loss • Solution: : Forward Error Correction (FEC), Interleaving

20. Problem: Limited bandwidth Need to compression (cont.) • Audio compression MPEG 1 layer 3 (also known as MP3) • Typical compress rates 96kbps, 128kbps, 160kbps • Very little sound degradation • If file is broken up, each piece is still playable • Complex (psychoacoustic masking, redundancy reduction, and bit reservoir buffering) • 3-minute song (128kbps) : 2.8MB

22. Image compression: JPEG • Divide digitized image in 8x8 pixel blocks • Pixel blocks are transformed into frequency blocks using DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). This is similar to FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) • The quantization phase limits the precision of the frequency coefficient. • The encoding phase packs this information in a dense fashion

24. Video compression • Popular techniques • MPEG 1 for CD-ROM quality video (1.5Mbps) • MPEG 2 for high quality DVD video (3-6 Mbps) • MPEG 4 for object-oriented video compression

25. Important Issues (QoS) • Speed (throughput, bit rate): Variable link bandwidth due to statistical multiplexing and changing channel conditions. • Accuracy (error rate, loss rate): Packet losses due to RF environment and buffer overflow. • Latency: Variable queuing delay due to scheduling and RF condition. • Availability (blocking, setup time): Control plane signalling and mobile processor capacity. • Reliability (call dropping, outrage): Mobility management and network restoration strategy.

26. Important Issues (Admission Control) • To adapt to the multimedia applications in the wireless environment, the admission control must own following attributes: • Stability of the provided QoS (blocking/BER/delay) • Adaptability in the varying wireless channel condition • Ability to be reconfigured and extended for new services • Simplicity and minimization of processing time

27. Important Issues (Resource management) Different services require different amounts of bandwidth and have different priorities. For example, • A connection for visual communications will in general require more bandwidth than one for data communications. • And a voice connection will in general be of higher priority than either a data or a video connection. The resource should be available that no interruptions happen in demanding service

28. Important Issues (Congestion control) Keeps network operating at full capacity, but minimizes packet loss  maximize “performance” Two cases: • self-interference: link capacity < stream  drop own packets • mutual interference: multiple streams competing for bottleneck bandwidth Two common approaches: • rate-based: control rate of traffic • Window-based: limit number of unacknowledged packets

29. Question???