China

1. China

2. Chinese Civilization begins • As early as 7000 BC people have lived in China. • So what did the Early people of China do? • Focused on Agriculture • Millet • Wheat • Rice • Lots of Fishing • Eventually took up pottery

3. Early times in China • As time passed, Dynasties, or families of strong rulers began to take power in China. • The First Dynasty of China was the Shang Dynasty.

4. Shang Dynasty • The Shang Dynasty was formed around 1500 BC

5. Shang Dynasty • The Shang Dynasty was located and ruled in a large area of Central China. • Shang emperors ruled in China until the 1100s BC

6. Shang Dynasty • The Shang had several creations including: • Writing System • Bronze work • Axes, knives, and ornaments • War Chariots • Bow and arrows • Armor • Calendars • Some of these are still used today by modern day Chinese cultures.

7. Other Dynasties • The Shang dynasty was only the first of many according to Chinese records. • After the Shang lost power, other dynasties rose up to take control of China. • Two other Dynasties were the: 1.) Zhou (JOH) 2.) Qin (Chin)

8. Zhou Dynasty • In the 1100s, the Shang rulers were overthrown in a rebellion. • Rebels from the western part of China took over. • This is the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.

9. Zhou Dynasty • The Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other in Chinese history. • Zhou rulers held power in China until 771 BC. Do the math: 1100 – 771 = How many Years?

10. Zhou • The Zhou claimed that they had been chosen by heaven to rule China. • Zhou believed that no one could rule without permission from heaven. They called this the MANDATE OF HEAVEN

11. Mandate of Heaven Cycle

12. Zhou politics • Zhou government was established as a dictatorship. • An Emperor was in charge of the Zhou dynasty with a hierarchy society : • Emperor • Lords • Peasants/farmers • The dictatorship would later break down due to the lack of loyalty towards the emperors.

13. Warring States Period • Invaders attacked the capital of the Zhou dynasty in 771. The people were not willing to fight for their emperor so the empire fell. • China broke apart into many kingdoms that fought with each other, this period became known as the Warring States Period.

14. Qin Dynasty • The Warring states period came to an end when one state became strong enough to defeat all its rivals. • This group was called the Qin. This is the Dynasty that you probably know the most about and didn’t even know you knew it. QIN DYNASTY

15. Qin Dynasty • In 221 BC, a king from Qin managed to unify all of China under his control and named the land after himself. • As Emperor he called himself Shi Huangdi (SHEE hwahng-dee) a name that means “first emperor.”

16. Qin • Huangdi was a very strict ruler, but he was an effective one as well. • He expanded the size of China both to the north and to the south. • He refused to share power with anyone, such as the lords during the Zhou period.

17. Map it out

18. Compare Qin to Zhou to Shang

19. Qin • Huangdi ordered thousands of people to move to the capital he called Xi’an (Shee-AHN) • His thinking was to keep his nobles close so they wouldn’t turn on him like previous rulers. • After he died the empire gradually died with him.

20. Qin Dynasty Accomplishments • Although the Qin did not last for long, they saw great advances in China. • Shi Huangdi was responsible for : • Creating a system of laws for all people • Created money for all of China • Created a writing system for all of China • Created a HUGE network of roads and canals • Built the GREAT WALL OF CHINA

21. The Great Wall of China facts • Lets go to a webpage and read about the GREAT WALL ! • http://www.greatwall-of-china.com/

22. The Han Dynasty • When the Qin Dynasty collapsed, many groups fought for power. • After years of fighting, an army led by Liu Bang (lee-oo bang) won control. • Liu Bang was the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.

23. Compare the Dynasty

24. Who was Liu Bang • Liu Bang was a peasant. • He was able to become emperor in large part because of the Chinese belief in the Mandate of Heaven. • He was the first common person to become emperor. • He was well liked by soldiers and common people.

25. Bang • Liu Bang’s rule was different from the strict government of Qin. • Liu Bang wanted to free people from harsh government policies. • He lowered taxes from farmers and made punishments less severe.

26. After Bang was Wudi • In 140 BC Emperor Wudi (Woo-Dee) took the throne. • He wanted to create a stronger government so he basically erased everything Bang had put into action. • Wudi did things like: • Raise taxes • Took the land away from the Lords • Put a large supply of grain in control of the government • Installed a religion that also formed political views called Confucianism.

27. What is Confucianism? • Confucianism is a philosophy based on the teachings of a man named Confucius. • Confucianism focuses on the importance of ethics and moral values, such as respect for elders and loyalty toward family. • Under the Han, everyone was expected to practice Confucianism.

28. The Han Dynasty • Let’s read in our Blue Textbook about the way the Han Dynasty was different from previous dynasties. • Page 511-515

29. The Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties • When the Han Dynasty collapsed, China split into several rival kingdoms, each ruled by military leaders. • Many call this period the “Period of Disunion.”

30. The Sui • Finally after years of confusion and fighting a man reunified China. • The man who ended the Period of Disunion was a northern ruler named Yang Jian. • In 589 Yang Jian conquered the south, unified China and created the Sui Dynasty

31. The Sui • The Sui Dynasty did not last long, only 29 years. • During that time, however, its leaders restored order and began the Grand Canal. • Grand Canal- a canal linking northern and southern china.

33. Tang Dynasty • The Sui Dynasty was followed by the Tang, which would rule for nearly 300 years. • The Tang Dynasty grew to include much of Eastern and Central Asia.

34. The Tang Dynasty • Historians view the Tang Dynasty as a golden age. • Tang rulers conquered many lands, reformed the military, and created law codes. • The Tang period also saw great advances in art.

35. The Tang Dynasty • The Tang Dynasty also included the only woman to rule China. • Empress Wu • Her methods were vicious, similar to the Qin Dynasty.

36. The Song Dynasty • After the Tang fell came the Song. • China entered another brief period of chaos and disorder with separate kingdoms competing for power. • As a result, this period is called the “Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” • It lasted for 53 years. (907-960)

38. The Song • In 960, China was again reunified, this time by the Song Dynasty. • Like the Tang, the Song ruled for about 300 years, until 1279. • Also like the Tang, the Song dynasty was a time of great achievement for China.

40. Let’s READ • Take a look in your Textbook on page 519 for a map of the dynasties. • Let’s get with a partner and compare a few important “items” of the times. • Page 520-523

41. Link to jeopardy • http://www.superteachertools.com/jeopardy/usergames/May201319/game1368008677.php