January 6, 2014 Bellringer

1. January 6, 2014Bellringer Start working on 8.1 and 8.2 * What you do no finish will also be for homework on top of your assigned homework- so do not waste time**

2. Who inspires the creation of the constitution?

3. State constitutions and republicanism • How are the citizens’ thoughts and beliefs represented? • Republicanism may be distinguished from other forms of democracy because it……… asserts that people have unalienable rights that cannot be voted away by a majority of voters Limited Government: all leaders have to obey the laws and no one ahs total power

4. What is suffrage? • Who was given this right? • Which state was the only one to give this right to women? When was it taken away?

5. Forming a Union • June 12, 1776- Congress appointed a Committee of Thirteen to create the Articles of Confederation- the national constitution • The Articles of Confederation gave the national government the powers to coin money, borrow money, negotiate treaties, settle interstate conflicts, ask for troops from the state. It did not allow for Congress to force states to provide money or troops, even in an emergency. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54frRVRv1Mw

6. The Northwest territory • Land Ordinance of 1785: created to help pay off war debt and sell land in west one lot was set aside for public school 4 lots were saved for Revolutionary War Veterans, and the remaining lots were sold to the public • Northwest Ordinance of 1787: created the Northwest Territory made up of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin • Slavery was banned in this new territory • Once a population reached 60,000, its settlers could create their own constitution and then ask Congress for permission to become a state

7. Problems with the articles of confederation • The United States had no army. Therefore, it could not enforce treaties with other countries. • The Confederation Congress could not pass tariffs. States were only competing with one another rather than working for the common good of the country. • What trade problem did the United States face with Great Britain, and why did these occur? • - loss of British West Indies markets, high British tariffs; weak government, lack of state unity

8. Shay’s rebellion • Shay’s Rebellion was led by Daniel Shay and was an uprising of farmers who closed down courts in western Massachusetts. It was very important because it showed how weak the Articles of Confederation were since they were unable to send much help to end the rebellion.

9. Bell ringer Get started now! • Geography Activity • Ratification of the Constitution • Complete six questions and turn in at the beginning of class. • Also, take out your homework, and turn into basket

10. The Constitutional convention • Each state sent delegates to Philadelphia at Independence Hall. Twelve states sent 55 delegates and Rhode Island refused to participate. • James Madison, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin were a few of the delegates present at the convention. They hoped to change the Articles of Confederation. • The states did not choose any women, African Americans or Native Americans to attend the Convention. They did not have rights of full citizens. • At the convention, states argued over slavery, tariffs, whether to make changes to the articles or create a new constitution, and how small and large states should be represented.

11. The virginia plan vs the New Jersey Plan • Virginia Plan: Was written primarily by James Madison • It offered a new and stronger federal constitution. It divided the national government into three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative • Legislature: bicameral where representatives in the legislature would be chosen on the basis of state population. • New Jersey Plan: unicameral legislature where each state would have an equal number of votes

12. Great compromise • Upper House: each state would have an equal vote and satisfy the New Jersey Plan supporters • * Lower House: each state would have a number of representatives based on its population and would satisfy the Virginia plan supporters

13. Three fifths compromise • Southern delegates wanted slave to count as their state populations, because it would give them more representatives in Congress. • Some members argued that only three-fifths of the slaves should be counted as in each state population.

14. Branches of government • What are the three branches of government? What are the expectations for each branch? What are checks and balances? Why are they important? • **USE PAGES 240-241**

15. Federalists vs antifederalists • Federalists: • Favored a constitution with a strong central government, limiting state power, did not see Bill of Rights as necessary, opposed the Articles of Confederation, and was supported by large farmers, merchants, and artisans • AntiFederalists: • Opposed the Constitution establishing a strong central government, supported power and influence of states, supported the Bill of Rights, and was supported by small farmers, often from rural areas

16. The federalist papers • a series of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.

17. Bill of rights • Why did the people want a Bill of Rights? • Many Antifederalists would not agree to the ratification of the Constitution until they were promised the Bill of Rights. They did not believe that the Constitution would protect their personal freedoms. • The first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights

19. Bill of rights • 1Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. • 2Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia. • 3 No quartering of soldiers. • 4Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. • 5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy. • 6Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial. • 7Right of trial by jury in civil cases. • 8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments. • 9Other rights of the people. 10 Powers reserved to the states.

20. Representative democracy • A government led by officials who are chosen by the ……….?????? • The power is divided between the state and federal government. • The powers that are given to the federal government are know as delegated powers.

21. Federalismpage 257

22. Impeach…… • Vote to bring charges of “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors” against a president • Which presidents in our past have been impeached?

23. 1868: President Andrew Johnson • 1974: President Richard Nixon resigned to avoid possible impeachment • 1998: President Bill Clinton • Neither Johnson or Clinton were found guilty. Both were impeached, and had to go to court- but were found not guilty

24. Separation of powers • What is this? Why would the United States of America want it?

25. Becoming a u.S. Citizen • How does someone become a naturalized citizen, and what rights do they gain when they do? • ** Look on pages 290-291** • What are some of the responsibilities of citizenship? **292-293** • How do responsibilities such as paying taxes, serving in the military, serving on juries, and voting help shape our national identiity? **

26. Protecting citizens and rights of the accused • What rights do Americans have under the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments? Page 287 • What is due process? • What is double jeopardy? Do you support this? Why or why not • Page 287